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Commerce & Guilds: Middle Ages Trade Revolution

Explore the rise of trade, towns, and cities in the Middle Ages through the impact of the Crusades, changes in farming practices, and the Commercial Revolution. Discover how guilds shaped economic and social conditions, and how the expansion of trade, fairs, and banking transformed society. Witness the growth of cities and towns as serfs sought opportunities and trade flourished, leading to the emergence of a middle class and a revival of culture and learning amidst the challenges of a changing world.

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Commerce & Guilds: Middle Ages Trade Revolution

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  1. High Middle Ages: The Rise of Commerce, Cities & Culture

  2. Rise of Trade, Towns & Cities • What happened to lead to the rise of trade, towns and cities? • Crusades! (add bullet) • Changes in Farming • Commercial Revolution

  3. Changes in Farming • A warmer climate meant more land to farm • Switch to horsepower • Three-field system yields more food production • More food production = Bigger population

  4. Commercial Revolution • 3 Changes: • Development of Guilds • Expansion of Trade/Fairs • Development of Business and Banking

  5. Development of Guilds • Guild: organization of individuals in the same business working to improve economic and social conditions of members

  6. Development of Guilds • Cons: • Set prices • No competition • Pros: • Set standards for quality of work • Set wages • Provided training • Regulated working conditions • Provided support for members • Gave back to town

  7. Development of Guilds • Rules of a British Merchant Guild: • No one in the city shall buy anything to sell again in the same city unless he is a member of the guild • If anyone does so and is convicted, the goods he bought must be turned over to the king • If any guildsman falls into poverty and is not able to work, he shall receive aid from the guild • No guild member ought to become a business partner with anyone who does not belong to the guild • When a guildsman dies, all those who belong to the guild shall attend the service, and guildsmen shall carry the body to place of burial

  8. Development of Guilds • Apprentice System: • Apprentice: worked for master without pay to learn skills • Journeyman: worked for daily pay; submitted work to master for approval • Master: artisans who owned their own shop/tools and employed less-skilled workers

  9. Trade/Fairs • Trade took place in towns • Fairs were held several times of year and last 4-6 weeks • Goods from all over the world were exchanged

  10. Business and Banking • Needed common medium of exchange • Development of banking - “Banca” means money changers table • Created capital: wealth earned, saved and invested

  11. Growth of Cities/Towns • Resulted from: • Serfs leaving the manor for opportunities • The revival of trade • Strong monarchies to protect

  12. Growth of Towns/Cities • Developed: • Beside well-traveled roads, near transfer points or waterways

  13. Growth of Cities/Towns • Conditions: • Crowded • Filthy • Violent and noisy

  14. Impact of Commercial Revolution • Rise of middle class leads to decline of Feudalism • Revival of trade leads to rapid spread of Black Death • Revival of trade spawns revival of culture and learning

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