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General Learning Outcome #2

General Learning Outcome #2. By: Samantha Bender Charla Johnson. Explain how principles that define the sociocultural level of analysis may be demonstrated in research (that is, theories and/or studies). Explain. Give a detailed account including reasons or causes. Define.

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General Learning Outcome #2

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  1. General Learning Outcome #2 By: Samantha Bender Charla Johnson

  2. Explain how principles that define the sociocultural level of analysis may be demonstrated in research (that is, theories and/or studies).

  3. Explain • Give a detailed account including reasons or causes

  4. Define • Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity

  5. Principle #1 Human beings are social animals and we have a basic need to “belong”

  6. Social Animals • An animal that exhibits in social behavior

  7. Belong • To have the proper qualifications, especially social qualifications, to be a member of a group

  8. Human beings are social animals and we have a basic need to “belong” • People will adjust themselves to adapt to the group • Nada when she changed her music from rap to metal in the skit • People need to feel need and to fit in • This can be a positive effect or a negative effect • POSITIVE: if you are in a group of friends that have good grades, you would try harder to get good grades also • NEGATIVE: if you hang out with a group of friends that skip school , you would skip and then your grades would fail

  9. Ways Principle #1 Can be Studied STUDY • Asch Conformity Experiment (Asch Paradigm) • Aim: to see whether the real participant would change his answer and respond in the same way

  10. Ways it can be studied • A male participant was surrounded by 5-7 confederates. • One card had one line and the second had three different length lines. • 24% did not conform at all • 75% conformed at least once • 5% conformed every time

  11. Principle #2 Culture influences behavior

  12. Culture • the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group

  13. Influence • to move or impel (a person) to some action

  14. Culture influences behavior • The way people are raised and the people around them can affect the way they think and act • Morality, Christianity, chastity • If you have good morals, Christianity, chastity can effect a persons relationship with others • Drinking • In America it’s a big deal when you’re 21 but in Europe its typical when you are in your early teens

  15. Ways it is Studied • Milgrams Obedience Experiment • Aim: to investigate what level of obedience would be shown when participants were told by an authority figure to administer electric shocks to another person • All went to 300 volts • 65% went to 450 volts • 35% stopped before

  16. Ways it was studied • 3 roles: teacher, participant, confederate • teacher had participant raise volts of electricity for confederate • When the participant said to not go one the teacher stated simple continuations • Teacher told participant that the confederate had a heart condition • Culture: taught to obey authority

  17. Principle #3 Humans are social animals, they have a social self

  18. Social Self • A person’s individual identity • A group’s identity as a whole

  19. Humans are social animals, they have a social self • Because people are social they develop their own social behavior • Nada’s actions when she was by herself and with the group

  20. Way it is studied • Social Identity Theory (Henri Tajfel and John Turner) • Portion of an individuals self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group • Explains a person’s behavior to events • Explains a person’s behavior in groups • A group starts to have similar aspects and then the group as a whole develops a social self • It is through observations of people and groups and how they socialize

  21. Principle #4 People’s views of the world are resistant to change

  22. Views • An individual and personal perception, judgment, or interpretation; an opinion

  23. Resistant • A process I which ego opposes the conscious recall of anxiety-producing experiences

  24. People’s view of the world are resistant to change • If people have a mind set of an idea they will refuse to change the way they think. • Some eventually do change the way they think • Black Civil Rights • People were against rights for blacks because it was different and not what they were used to

  25. Way it was studied • Leon Festinger et al. “When Prophecy's Fails” (1956) • Research was done by Festinger and his team • They joined a cult to covertly observe a religious group that thought the world would end on December 21 and that aliens would save them once god started to destroy the world.

  26. Festinger • Festinger and his team left the cult after December 21. • The members of the cult were in doubt that the aliens did not take them away and they refused to believe that it was not the end of the world or that the aliens were not coming • they eventually came to the decision that the aliens did not come because god decided not to destroy the world

  27. Pull out a piece of paper!!!!!

  28. Pop Quiz • What are the principles • Name three to four studies/theories from the powerpoint and their aims • Define Culture • Define Social Self

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