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Cell Theory

Cell Theory. Development of Cell Theory. 1838- German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells 1839- German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

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Cell Theory

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  1. Cell Theory

  2. Development of Cell Theory • 1838- German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells • 1839- German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

  3. 1858- Rudolf Virchow, German physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells.

  4. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

  5. Modern Cell Theory • Modern Cell Theory contains 4 statements, in addition to the original Cell Theory: • The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division. • All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities. • All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside the cells.(movement, digestion,etc) • Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell(organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)

  6. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  7. How Has The Cell Theory Been Used? • The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in the Cell Theory, are the basis for things such as: • Disease/Health/Medical Research and Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell Research, etc.)

  8. It is amazing to think that the cells that make up our bodies are just as alive as we are. Humans are just an intricately designed community of cells, which must work together to survive.

  9. Cell Structure & Function

  10. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  11. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  12. Prokaryotic • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes • Few internal structures • One-celled organisms, Bacteria

  13. Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal

  14. “Typical” Animal Cell

  15. “Typical” Plant Cell

  16. Cell Parts Organelles Surrounding the Cell

  17. Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer

  18. Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Supports & protects cells

  19. Cell Parts Organelles Inside the Cell

  20. Nucleus • Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material - DNA

  21. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

  22. Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

  23. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins

  24. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material

  25. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

  26. Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on ER & floating throughout the cell

  27. Mitochondria • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

  28. Golgi Bodies • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell

  29. Lysosome • Digestive plant for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

  30. Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape

  31. Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place

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