Expressed Emotion

2. 42.1 – Describe our ability to communicate nonverbally, and discuss gender differences in this capacity. Expressed Emotion • Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, and by the intonation of voice. This nonverbal language of emotion is universal. • Duchenne Smile Detecting Emotion • A feigned smile may continue for more than 4-5 second while a genuine smile will have faded by then. Women are much better at discerning nonverbal emotions than men.

3. 42.1 – Describe our ability to communicate nonverbally, and discuss gender differences in this capacity. Expressed Emotion • Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, and by the intonation of voice. This nonverbal language of emotion is universal. • Duchenne Smile Detecting Emotion • A feigned smile may continue for more than 4-5 second while a genuine smile will have faded by then. Women are much better at discerning nonverbal emotions than men.

4. 42.1 – Describe our ability to communicate nonverbally, and discuss gender differences in this capacity. • Most of us are fairly adept at deciphering emotions through nonverbal cues • Nonverbal cues include... • Facial expressions • Which part of the face is most important to displaying emotion? • Body language • Stance, hand gestures, etc. • Voice intonation

5. 42.1 – Describe our ability to communicate nonverbally, and discuss gender differences in this capacity.

6. 42.1 – Describe our ability to communicate nonverbally, and discuss gender differences in this capacity. • Paul Ekman (1950s) • Studied facial expressions and emotions Theorized that each basic emotion is associated with a unique facial expression • These expressions are thought to be innate and hard-wired; recognizable across divergent cultures (though rules for expression vary significantly…) • Evidence for Ekman’s theory… • By 6-7 months of age most babies exhibit facial expressions for all basic emotions • Children who are born deaf & blind still have the same facial expressions for joy, anger and pleasure

7. 42.1 – Describe our ability to communicate nonverbally, and discuss gender differences in this capacity. Which is Which? (Anger, Disgust, Fear, Interest, Joy, Surprise, Sadness)

8. 42.1 – Describe our ability to communicate nonverbally, and discuss gender differences in this capacity. Which is Which? (Anger, Disgust, Fear, Interest, Joy, Surprise, Sadness)

9. 42.1 – Describe our ability to communicate nonverbally, and discuss gender differences in this capacity. • Despite our ability to infer emotions from facial expressions, we tend to be much less adept at detecting deceiving expressions… • Facial muscles, in particular, are hard to control and can reveal emotions that a person is trying to conceal • Minute changes in facial expression are known as microexpressions

10. 42.2 – Discuss the culture-specific and culturally universal aspects of nonverbal expressions of emotion. Experienced Emotion • Researchers isolated 10 emotions. Most of them are present in infancy, except for contempt, shame, and guilt. Emotions present at birth – joy, anger, interest, disgust, surprise, sadness, and fear.

11. 42.2 – Discuss the culture-specific and culturally universal aspects of nonverbal expressions of emotion. Culture and Emotional Expression • When culturally diverse people were shown basic facial expressions, they did fairly well at recognizing them.

12. 42.3 – Describe how facial expression influence our feelings. The Effects of Facial Expression • Facial Feedback Effect – the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, sadness, or happiness.

13. 42.3 – Describe how facial expression influence our feelings. Feel-Good; Do-Good Phenomenon • This feedback effect holds true for our actions as well. When we feel happy we are more willing to help others. Doing good also promotes good feeling, which has led some life coaches to assign daily “random acts of kindness”.