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GLOBAL AND LOCAL public health

GLOBAL AND LOCAL public health. LECTURE. HISTORY OF SCIENCE 148. DATE. LECTURER. 2/7/2013. Aaron Pascal Mauck, MA, PhD. STRUCTURE OF LECTURE I. Race and Space Continued II. Histories of Public Health III. Empire as Sanitary Laboratory. II. Racializing Social Distance

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GLOBAL AND LOCAL public health

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  1. GLOBAL AND LOCAL public health LECTURE • .... HISTORY OF SCIENCE 148 DATE LECTURER 2/7/2013 Aaron Pascal Mauck, MA, PhD

  2. STRUCTURE OF LECTURE I. Race and Space Continued II. Histories of Public Health III. Empire as Sanitary Laboratory

  3. II. Racializing Social Distance Careful organization and policing of spaces where colonizers and colonized interact Special danger in physical contact Between the bodies of colonizers and colonized (threat of pollution) Characteristic of racialized hierarchies in noncolonial settings (Jim Crow South)

  4. III. Medicalizing Social Distance Medicine allows a specific metonymic relationship to develop between racialized bodies based on their bodily substances Pollution takes the specific form of dangerous bodily substances with a premium placed on their control Laboratories and hospitals become spaces for handling dangerous substances in ways that control and reduce this danger

  5. II. Histories of Public Health

  6. Nineteenth Century Theories of Disease • Contagion, Miasma, Zymosis, Predisposition • Despite differences in theories of etiology, all • Share a similar view of the diseased body • No disease specificity • Health constitutes an unstable equilibrium • Intimate relationship between mind, body, • and environment (6 non-naturals)

  7. Translating Disease Theory into Public Health Entails a shift in focus from Diseased Bodies to Diseased Populations Edwin Chadwick: Involved in reform of poor laws in England during 1830s. Differentiates working and non-working poor Sees poverty as environmentally connected to disease with non-working poor as the central agents and victims of disease Urbanization and industrialization produce pathological environments. Eliminating such environments becomes central public health task Edwin Chadwick, 1800-1890

  8. MAP OF CHOLERA ENGLAND, 1849

  9. TIME MAP OF CHOLERA EPIDEMIC, 1848-9

  10. BRITISH CARTOON, 1848

  11. JOHN SNOW: SPOT MAP BROAD ST. PUMP

  12. JOHN SNOW: WATER-BORN HYPOTHESIS, 1854

  13. MICROSCOPIC COMPONENTS OF CHOLERA WARD AIR 1854 ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS, MODEL VILLAGE, C. WWI

  14. CHOLERA AND THE FORMATION OF THE NEW YORK BOARD OF HEALTH, 1866

  15. “Germ Theory” • ~1870 – Present • Aligns aspects • of Contagionist, • Miasmatic, and • Predispositionist • Frameworks • Simplifies causal • explanations, but • must align with • dominant cultural • beliefs about the • origins and control • of disease

  16. Sanitation and Municipal Improvements (Miasma) Nutrition & Improvements in Social Conditions (Predisposition) Quarantine & Isolation (contagionist) Germ Theory Environment that sanitary engineering could manipulate was expanded to include bodies of the afflicted  Greater alignment between medicine and public health

  17. AMERICAN SANITARY ENGINEERING TEXT, 1880s

  18. III. Empire as Sanitary Laboratory ROBERT KOCH WITH GERMAN CHOLERA EXPEDITION, ALEXANDRIA, 1884

  19. PORTABLE CHOLERA LABORATORY, 1893

  20. MODEL VILLAGES, ROYAL MEDICAL CORPS, 1914

  21. PLAGUE ENFORCEMENT, HONG KONG, 1894

  22. PLAGUE ENFORCEMENT, HONG KONG, 1894

  23. YELLOW FEVER ZONE, SANTIAGO DE CUBA, 1908

  24. FROM PERIPHERY TO METROPOLIS HERMAN BIGGS AND WILLIAM GORGAS, 1915 "Public health is purchasable. Within natural limitations, a community can determine its own death rate”

  25. SUMMARY Techniques and practices of modern public health did not merely develop in Europe and North America to be exported to the rest of the world Many elements of modern public health infrastructure--e.g., permanent boards of health, coordinated sanitary control over water supply, waste removal--were developed in response to concerns over globalized disease patterns such as cholera In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, colonial territories served as laboratories--of both microbiological and social varieties--for sanitary research and practice. Practical and administrative techniques of metropolitan public health were developed at imperial peripheries I

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