UNESCO, Paris May, 2010

1. 5th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands GEF CONTRIBUTION to HEALTHY OCEANS - ADAPTATION to Climate Change & BLUE FORESTS CONSERVATION UNESCO, Paris May, 2010

2. EMPOWER PEOPLE MANGROVES CC ACCESS to RESOURCES CONSERVATION

3. Role of Oceans • Coastal/Marine Ecosystems provide nutrition for about 3 billion people, & 50% of animal protein & minerals to 400 million people in LDCs • $70 billion in annual international trade of marine fisheries products stem from the oceans • Coastal ecosystems filter water; reduce effects of coastal pollution, nutrient loading & sedimentation; and buffer impacts of extreme weather and erosion • Half the carbon emitted, which is sequestered by nature, can be attributed to marine ecosystems, and Earth’s temperatureis regulated by these ecosystems •  The marine environment is under significant & increasing stress – e.g. from the impact of extractive industries, pollution, overfishing, & elevated carbon dioxide levels resulting in ocean acidification. These stresses curtail the efficiency of oceans role as climate moderator and provider of essential services

4. Intensification of TRENDS • Higher Temperature • Higher Acidity • Rising Coastal Populations • Rising Coastal Industries • Increased Pollution from terrestrial and marine activities • Overfishing CONSEQUENCES • Rising Sea Levels • Diminished Effectiveness in Regulating Earth’s Climate leading to increased frequency & intensity of coastal floods, hurricanes, typhoon, tsunamis • Reduction in Marine BD & Productivity (e.g. ecosystem services) and Shifts in Distribution of Species

5. GEF Watershed, Coastal, and Marine Portfolio up to GEF-4 • BD Funding : ~$ 1.1 Billion • Co-Financing : ~$ 4.6 Billion • IW Funding: ~$ 1.1 Billion • Co-Financing : ~$ 4.8 Billion • Adaptation to CC: ~$400 M • Co-Financing : ~$400 M • Total GEF Funding: $2.6 B ~ 1/3 of GEF Portfolio to Protect Healthy Oceans & their Blue Forests • During GEF-4: 75% increase towards conservation & sustainable use of coastal, marine & freshwater ecosystems, compared to first 3 phases of the GEF.

6. Results of Countries & GEF/Agencies 182 IW Projects with 172 Collaborating Countries 15 Transboundary River Basins 4 Transboundary Lake Basins 19 LMEs - 1/2 of DC & 142 supporting BD projects More than 250 Protected Areas 4 Groundwater Basins Multi-Focal Programs: PAS-SIDS (inc. Micronesia Challenge), CTI, Caribbean Challenge

7. GEF-5:Marine Programs Addressing the Gaps & Challenges of Oceans/Blue Forests Conservation & Climate Change • Maximize the Use of GEF Resources & Co-Financing to Countries to create multiple environmental benefits • Multi-Focal Areas –to Integrate BD, IW, CC (Mitigate& Adapt) and Persistent Organic Pollutants – CTI, PAS • Country-Led, Regional Programmatic Approaches • All programs/ projects to incorporate climatic variability and change, community scale results, gender integration, and experience-sharing/ learning • Coastal LME projects to incorporate ICM & consider sea level rise/flooding/reefs/fisheries/ blue forests/Carbon (mangroves, kelp, seagrass, marshes)

8. Continue… • Focus on Large-Scale Ecosystem Management • Action Both at the Country and Transboundary Levels • Better Feeding and Breeding Grounds for Fisheries • Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Fisheries Practices in and outside MPAs • Catalyze multi-state cooperation to rebuild marine fisheries and reduce pollution of coasts and Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) • Promote effective management of Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) directed at preventing fisheries depletion

9. Responses 1. Increased Representation of Coastal & Marine Protected Areas • Networks of Coastal and Marine Protected Areas: • Effective for Preserving Marine Biodiversity • Hedging Against Ecological Disasters • Enhancing Long-Term Fisheries Management • Potential to Combat the Effects of Global Climate Change • Maintaining the Structural Integrity of Large-Scale Marine Ecosystems • Sustainable CZM Plans

10. 4.Advancing Management of Ecosystems & Integrated Coastal & Oceans in the Context of Climate Change • Ocean Management + Science are Key Elements of a National CC Strategy • Some Adaptation Occurring Now – but on a Limited Basis • Integrate a Portfolio of Adaptation and Mitigation Measures to Curtail Risks Associated with CC • Scaling Up is Far from Easy • Challenge: • Increase the Number and Impact of Marine Adaptation Projects • Increase Mitigation Measures, curtailing sources of Disequilibrium • Integrate Adaptation and Mitigation Measures

11. 5. Get the Science Right & Economic Valuation of Coastal/ Marine Ecosystems • Make the Business Case for the conservation of coastal/marine ecosystems measured against unsustainable conversion or extinction of coastal ecosystems • Assign Monetary Value to the services provided by costal ecosystems : e.g. watershed protection; carbon sequestration; BD, water, food supply; etc. • Carbon Sequestration: • Develop, & reach scientific consensus on, carbon accounting methodology to underpin further action • Develop Financing Mechanisms for blue carbon credits, trading, & offsets systems- including exploring potential use of a performance-based REDD+ mechanism

12. GEF International Waters Ecosystem-Based Approach to Management of LMEs at Multiple Scales • Across LMEs in Asia Region - Alternatives to Shrimp Trawling-FAO or Oceanic Fisheries/Tunas UNDP/FFA/WCPFC • Large Marine Ecosystem Scale South China Sea LME-UNEP • Coastal Municipality/Provincial ICM Scale Da Nang, Vietnam - UNDP PEMSEA • River Basin Linkage Scale GPA Mekong River Basin/delta - World Bank • Local Community-based Demo Sites Phu Quoc Fish Refugia Vietnam- UNEP

13. Blue Forests: Mangroves C One of the most unique ecosystems on Earth as they thrive where no other trees can survive – the transition between the ocean and the land & the most visible blue forests Healthy Mangroves • Buffer zone between ocean & land – coastal protection • Shelter & food source for aquatic & terrestrial organisms • Carbon Sinks : Indications are that these habitats sequester more carbon on a unit basis than rainforests and can contribute to climate change mitigation

14. Continue... • CTI - 60,000 km2 of coastal area estimated to support carbon burial of ~8.3 million tons of CO2 annually (Spalding et al. 2001), • Columbia - More than 2,000 sq km of significant corals, mangroves and sea grass beds legally protected within a system of 4 large MPAs • India – More than 3,401 sq km of mangroves • Indonesia: facilitate Protection of 2,085 ha of mangrove forest in the Cobanos area. • South China Sea & Guinea Current LMEs • Future: Scale-up Coastal Protection of SE Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Vietnam) and Africa.

15. GEF Adaptation Strategy • Goal: Support developing countries to increase resilience to climate change through implementation of adaptation measures in development policies, plans, programs, projects and actions • Objectives: Reduce vulnerability and increase adaptive capacity • Impact: Reduce absolute losses due to climate change, including variability

16. GEF is involved in 3 Adaptation Fund Mechanisms UNFCCC Climate Change Funds Kyoto Protocol Adaptation Fund Least Developed Country Fund (LDCF) NAPA Preparation & Implementation Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) top priority to adaptation GEF provides secretariat services to the Adaptation Fund Board Estimate $80–300 million/year Total: $190M Total: $120M GEF Trust Fund Strategic Prity on Adaptation (SPA); adaptation action with GEBs

17. GEF Mediterranean Sustainable Development Program“Sustainable MED” • Build a better future for the Mediterranean communities with a focus on sustainable water resources management - integrating economic and environmental progress, including protecting essential ecological services, and curtailing global warming • Regional Project implemented by UNEP/MAP: Integration of climatic variability and change into national strategies to implement the ICZM Protocol in the Mediterranean (UNEP)

18. LDCF/SCCF Coastal Adaptation • Bangladesh:Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change through Coastal Afforestation • Cambodia: Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Program for Climate Change in the Coastal Zone including livelihood improvement & ecosystems • Djibouti: Reducing Impacts and Vulnerability of Coastal Productive Systems • Egypt:Adaptation to Climate Change in the Nile Delta through Integrated Coastal Zone Management • Guinea:Increased Resilience and Adaptation to Adverse Impacts of Climate Change in Guinea's Vulnerable Coastal Zones

19. Haiti: Strengthening adaptive capacities to address climate change threats on sustainable development strategies for coastal communities • Liberia: Enhancing Resilience of vulnerable coastal areas to climate change risks • Mexico: Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts on the Coastal Wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico through Improved Water Resource Management • Tuvalu:Increasing Resilience of Coastal Areas and Community Settlements to Climate Change • Vietnam: Climate-resilient Infrastructure Planning and Coastal Zone Development in Vietnam • Yemen: Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Gulf of Aden

20. Adaptation to Climate Change in the Nile Delta through Integrated Coastal Zone Management - SCCF/UNDP • Objective: Integrate the management of sea level rise risks into the development of Egypt’s Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ) in the Nile Delta • $17 M; $4 M SCCF & $13 M co-financing

21. Egypt Project Components • Regulatory Framework and Institutional Capacity → Outcome: Capacity to improve resilience of coastal settlements and development infrastructure is strengthened • On the Ground Measures → Outcome: Innovative and environmentally friendly adaptation measures enforced in the framework of Nile Delta ICZM • Knowledge Management → Outcome: M&E framework and knowledge management system in place www.adaptationlearning.net

22. CC Vulnerabilities: Sea Level Rise  loss of land and salt intrusion into freshwater  loss of livelihood Increased storm activity  flooding, loss of life, crops and infrastructure Increasing frequencies of climate related health problems Increasing intensity of both rainfall and drought  loss of crops and agricultural productivity↓ Adaptation Actions: Improvement of health sector capacity Pilot measures on agriculture and food security Improving and disseminating seasonal forecasts Improvement of Early Warning System↓ Outcomes: Decreased loss of life to tropical disease Increased food and water security Decreased loss of life and livelihood from climate disaster events Integrated Climate Change Adaptation in Samoa LDCF/GEF amount:: $2 Million

23. Common Goal: Sustainability of Marine Resources Partners GEF Family Country Driven Sustainable PPPs NGOs Presence on the ground Grass root Initiatives • Countries • Political Will • Enabling Conditions for Sustainable PS Investment • Clear, Transparent, Predictable Investment Climate Fishermen Small-Scale Fisher Folks Industrial Fisheries RFMOs Private Sector Matching Sustainability Interest

24. Coral Triangle Initiative6 Governments Management, Conservation, and Adaptation to Climate Change of the Coral Ecosystems and Fisheries

25. Private Sector – Driver of Changes

26. Sustainable Fisheries • The CTI region supports a multi-billion dollar fisheries industry • Tuna fisheries are under great pressure due to the high demand for seafood • There is scientific evidence that tuna fisheries are close to the tipping point • Action towards sustaining the tuna stocks and the entire fishing value chain is needed now. • This action can only be carried out in close partnership with the local population and the private sector – a driver of change • Both governments and the private sector have a central role in terms of managing fisheries sustainably

27. Continue… • Creative PPPs should be developed to promote and implement sustainable fisheries practices. • Promotion of policies conducive to environmentally-friendly fisheries activities can be valuable to many companies. • Actions also include temporary measures to allow for recharge of the tuna stocks, certification, and seeking alternative options such as well planned ocean farms examples in New Zealand. PPPs offer PS the opportunity to: • Protect share value through mitigation of environmental and related business risks such as access to capital, land & sea, markets, reputation, security of supply, relations with regulators, liabilities, and insurance premiums; • Improve local and official acceptance of companies as corporate citizens.

28. Strategic Partnership for Fisheries in Africa African Union, GEF, World Bank, FAO, WWF Investment Fund: Current and Planned Investments WEST AFRICA: (IDA $103.5 M) (GEF $21 M) Senegal ($24.5 M) Guinea-Bissau ($8 M) Cape Verde ($8 M) Sierra Leone ($20 M) Liberia ($12 M) Ghana ($52 M) Reverse Depletion of Fsheries in Africa LME KENYA: (IDA $30 M) (GEF $5 M) TANZANIA: (IDA $52 M) (GEF $5 M)

29. Thank You www.thegef.org