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“TV History and It’s Impact on our culture”

“TV History and It’s Impact on our culture”. “A Brief History of Early TV”. TV first surfaced in science fiction writing of the 1880’s. 1884-German inventor Paul Nipkow developed technology to transmit pictures over a wire. Invented first spinning disc TV.

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“TV History and It’s Impact on our culture”

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  1. “TV History and It’s Impact on our culture”

  2. “A Brief History of Early TV” • TV first surfaced in science fiction writing of the 1880’s. • 1884-German inventor Paul Nipkow developed technology to transmit pictures over a wire. Invented first spinning disc TV. • Mechanical TV-rotating disc-had too many problems.

  3. “A Brief History of Early TV” • Electronic TV-no moving parts • 1927-Farnsworth developed dissector tube • 1928-Zworykin hired by Sarnoff; advanced technology with the iconoscope • 1939-FDR welcome address from NYC World’s Fair-debut of TV • 1941-FCC authorized TV as a broadcast service

  4. “A Brief History of Early TV” • First TV sets were between $200-$600. • After World War II, TV expanded rapidly-too rapidly. • The FREEZE-1948-FCC put a 6-month freeze on the issuance of new TV broadcast licenses. • Toward the end of the freeze-108 stations broadcasting, 17 million receivers and several big shows..

  5. “A Brief History of Early TV” • ED SULLIVAN- “Toast of the Town” • NBC- “Saturday Night Review” • Milton Berle • Murrow’s “See It Now” • Early dramas

  6. “A Brief History of Early TV” • Freeze was lifted in 1952 • City-by-city channel assignments • NTSC (National Television System Committee) came up with new, compatible system-still in place today.

  7. “A Brief History of Early TV” • 1950’s- “Golden Days” of TV • 1954-Edward R. Murrow-attacked anti-communist “witchhunt” of Senator McCarthy on See It Now program. (First time TV made strong political statement.) • Mid 1950’s- “Quiz Show Scandal”-represented the end of innocence.

  8. “The Medium is the Massage” • Carl Sandburg “The impact of television on our culture is just indescribable”

  9. “The Medium is the Massage” • 1946: 7,000 TV sets in America • 1953: More TV’s than bathtubs in America • 1955: 88% of all homes have at least 1 TV. • 1966: 98% of all homes have at least 1 TV • 1998: 99% of all homes have at least 1 TV

  10. “The Medium is the Massage” • Average # of TV sets in a household: 2.24 • Average teen spends 1.8 hrs/wk reading, 5.6 hrs on homework, & 21 hrs watching TV. • Average youth spends 900 hrs/yr in school, 1500 hrs/yr watching TV • Between 2 & 65, avg person watch 72,000 hrs of TV (8 full years!)

  11. “The Medium is the Massage” • Why is TV so powerful? • Availability • Persuasive Ability • Visual Imagery • Participatory Nature • TV is “Right there!”

  12. “The Medium is the Massage” • Marshall McLuhan • 1960’s media theorist • Coined the phrase “medium is the massage” • 1. Massage/Message: Medium itself is stronger, more important than what it communicates • 2. Massage”: works us over, arouses thoughts • 3. Mass-age: mass media • 4. Mess-age: media can truly be a mess!

  13. “The Medium is the Massage” • EFFECTS OF TV • Quantitative vs Qualitative • Quantitative-having a large mass of results • Qualitative-having high quality results

  14. “The Medium is the Massage” • EFFECTS ON CULTURE • Crime and Violence • Does TV influence criminal activity? • Some say that TV influences our violent nature/behaviors. • As violence in TV increased, violence in society increased.

  15. “The Medium is the Massage” • Sexual Behavior/Attitudes • TV influences our behavior. • Sexual nature on TV has an effect on our behavior and attitudes. - For example, our perception of homosexuality is influenced by TV.

  16. “The Medium is the Massage” • EFFECTS ON CULTURE-News and Politics -rely on TV for news -political stories -Minority Representation -1970’s major strides with minorities on TV

  17. “The Medium is the Massage” • EFFECTS ON CULTURE-Educational Process -raise level of knowledge for kids -Does TV repress creativity and activity

  18. “Quiz Show Scandal” • “A story of deception”-before America became accustom to “lying to the public”. • “I learned a lot about good and evil. They’re not always what they appear to be.” • Charles Van Doren

  19. “Quiz Show Scandal” • 1950’s-TV was link to reality and an escape from it. • Early quiz show programs were most successful. • “$64,000 question”-1955-sponsored by Revlon-contestants came back for repeat performance to win more money-idea borrowed from “Take It or Leave It” -a radio program.

  20. “Quiz Show Scandal” • Very organized from the start • IBM question machine • Close-up of contestant’s family members • Banker who asked questions • Isolation booth • Producer: Mark Goodson- suggested that the only way to make the show successful was to “rig it”.

  21. “Quiz Show Scandal” • Contestants were questioned to determine their areas of knowledge • Producers would “lead” contestants often times without players even knowing it. • Joyce Brothers-early contestant that became a “boxing” expert. (Producers thought it was interesting for people to have unexpected specialties.) • Many early contestants became quite famous from their show appearances.

  22. “Quiz Show Scandal” • “$64,000 Challenge” an extension of the other show, also sponsored by Revlon. • Took first steps toward “outright fraud”. • “Twenty-One”-1956-took ultimate step toward “total fraud”.

  23. “Quiz Show Scandal” • Contestants were cast as actors • Everything was choreographed • 1st show wasn’t rigged and it was a disaster • All subsequent shows were rigged • At one time, the top 5 highest rated shows were all Quiz Shows!

  24. “Quiz Show Scandal” Herb Stempel • Infamous “Twenty-One” contestant • Had ability to antagonize viewers • Portrayed as humble, sheepish, nerd • Producers provided him with answers, choreography and stage direction. • Would later betray the show.

  25. “Quiz Show Scandal” Charles Van Doren • Most acclaimed quiz show contestant • Notable, intellectual family • Knocked Stempel from top spot on “Twenty-One” • Symbolized integrity and intellectual achievement • Initially refused coaching but finally agreed; became rich and famous

  26. “Quiz Show Scandal” • When producer Rick Enright told Stempel that he was to lose, he was reluctant. • Stempel became resentful after giving up celebrity status • Took his story to many media outlets • But this did not ultimately come out until after the “Dotto” incident

  27. “Quiz Show Scandal” • “Dotto”-standby contestant discovered contestant’s notebook full of answers • This scandal forced the show off air immediately. • All quiz show ratings plummeted • Suspicion about “Twenty-One” resurfaced.

  28. “Quiz Show Scandal” • NYC Asst. DA started investigation in 1958. • Grand jury was convened for 9 months • 150 witnesses, including contestants and producers • Stempel vs. everyone else

  29. “Quiz Show Scandal” • Congressional hearing • Patty Duke-despite coaching she finally told the truth about the deception. • James Snodgrass-ultimately proved it was “rigged” be providing self-addressed sealed letter, documenting answers he had been given.

  30. “Quiz Show Scandal” • Charles Van Doren-finally admitted his involvement, stated that he had “lived in dread for years” • One producer, 17 contestants were convicted of lying under oath to the grand jury. • Blacklisted and forced out of TV • Life of shame • “The end of innocence”

  31. Test Review Names and Terms to Know TV History TV Theory NYC World’s Fair Marshall McLuhan The Freeze NTSC 1950’s-Golden Days Game Shows Contestants $64,000 Question Herb Stempel $64,000 Challenge Charles Van Duren Twenty-One Patty Duke Dotto James Snodgrass Joyce Brothers

  32. Test Review • RCA unveiled television on April 30, 1939 at __________. • _________ was a media theorist who proposed the idea that the “medium is the massage”. • ________is regarded as the most popular and acclaimed quiz show contestant. • In 1948, the FCC imposed the ___________, which called for a temporary half in issuing new licenses. • In 1952, the FCC endorsed a color system that had been developed by the ___________. • _________was the program that took the “ultimate step” toward outright fraud.

  33. Test Review 7. It is estimated that more than 100 contestants and producers were guilty of ____________. 8. The first game show to be publicly exposed as a fraud or rip-off was____________. 9. Many critics believe that television may ___________ (Increase or Decrease) violent or criminal behavior. 10. In which decade did the TV Quiz Show scandal occur? 11. Many critics believe that television___________ the education level of children, but ___________ the creativity and activity of children. (Increase or Decrease)

  34. Test Review • True or False • Patty Duke was the first contestant to admit to the deception on the witness stand. • Electronic TV involved moving parts such as a spinning disc. • Research indicates that TV directly causes criminal behavior. • Many critics believe that TV has produced a society only interested in qualitative results. • TV has effected our sexual attitudes by pushing the boundaries of what is accepted.

  35. Test Review • True or False • 6. The producers of “Twenty-One” were fully aware that contestants were being coached. • 7. Most Americans get their news from TV sources. • 8. Stempel was the most acclaimed game show contestant of all time. • Short Answer • List three reasons why TV is such a powerful medium. • Why was the public so shocked by the Quiz Show scandal?

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