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Priming the Pump for EVs

Priming the Pump for EVs. Source: Audi. Moving Beyond the Barriers to Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Deployment. BC Capps David Worthington General Services Department County of Sonoma. CA General Services Association Conference San Diego, CA – April 3, 2014.

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Priming the Pump for EVs

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  1. Priming the Pump for EVs Source: Audi Moving Beyond the Barriers to Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Deployment BC CappsDavid WorthingtonGeneral Services DepartmentCounty of Sonoma CA General Services Association Conference San Diego, CA – April 3, 2014

  2. Overview of Presentation • Two Big Questions: • What are the Barriers to Large-Scale Adoption and Deployment of Electric Vehicles and EV Charging Infrastructure? • What are the Policy Levers Available for Local Government to Overcome These Barriers? • Bonus Case Study • Sonoma County’s Experience Around EV Charging Infrastructure and Accessibility Issues • Q&A / Group Discussion

  3. But first, let’s take a short “brake” for some humor…

  4. Transportation is a major source of global GHG emissions

  5. Transportation is a major source of national GHG emissions

  6. Transportation is a major source of statewide GHG emissions

  7. There are multiple ways to reduce emissions from transportation • Fuel efficiency standards • Additional fuel taxes • Cap-and-trade program • Mass transit systems • Urban planning measures • Alternative fuel vehicles

  8. Changeover of our existing vehicles to electric is critical • Dramatic reductions of GHG emissions • Lower levels of CO2, HCs, NOx, PM, and HCHO • Beware of merely shifting emissions upstream • Potential creation of “green jobs” industry • Increased energy security and independence

  9. Adoption of EVs can be analyzed through two related questions • Is the availability of charging infrastructure a barrier to the deployment of EVs? • What are the barriers to large scale deployment of EV charging infrastructure?

  10. We must also better understand what is driving consumers choices

  11. And now, let’s take a short “brake” for some humor…

  12. In 2010, Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI) began to study these issues • C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40) • Began in 2005 • 66 Affiliated Cities • 1 in 12 people on globe • C40 Electric Vehicle Network (C40 EVN) • Formed in 2009 • 14 of the C40 Cities + 4 EV Manufacturers • Worked in partnership with CCI to analyze key barriers to EV adoption

  13. What are the barriers to large-scale adoption of EVs? • Upfront cost of EVs • Range anxiety • Availability of charging infrastructure • Technology uncertainty • OEM inertia and sunk costs of supply chain • Lack of information

  14. What are barriers to deployment of EV charging infrastructure? • Regulatory Barriers • Lack of standards • Policy uncertainty • Permitting uncertainty • Economic Barriers • Demand uncertainty • Economic uncertainty • Technology Barriers • Technological uncertainty

  15. And now, let’s take a short “brake” for some humor…

  16. What are the policy levers available to local government? • Regulatory levers • Monetary and non-monetary incentives • Real estate • Advocacy and public relations • Procurement for public fleets But which policy levers are the best fit to overcome each set of barriers?

  17. Which policy levers are the best fit to overcome each set of barriers? • Regulatory levers • Zoning and building codes • Regulation regarding EV-related • investments and third-party sale of electricity • Permitting rules and guidelines

  18. Which policy levers are the best fit to overcome each set of barriers? • Monetary and non-monetary incentives • Subsidies and/or tax credits • Subsidies for charging • infrastructure • Free parking for EVs • Electricity discounts for EV charging • Access to HOV lanes

  19. Which policy levers are the best fit to overcome each set of barriers? • Real estate • Ownership of public garages & on-street space • that can be used for charging infrastructure • Advocacy and public relations • Demonstration projects • Advocacy by public figures • Procurement for public fleets • Government purchase of EVs for public fleets

  20. Final Recommendations from Clinton Climate Initiative Study • Design EV programs based on individual setting and partners, but draw on lessons from peers • Local governments can use other policy levers to affect the total cost of ownership • Use regulatory influence smartly—and only provide subsidies under specific circumstances There is a strong case for subscription fee-based business models to gain consumer acceptance Be aware of technological uncertainties and don’t commit prematurely

  21. And now, let’s take one final “brake” for some humor…

  22. Sonoma County Case Study: EV Charging and Accessibility Issues Source: Kenguru

  23. County Installed EV Charging Stations To Date • 37 Charging Stations • 17 Fleet Use Only • 20 Public • 16 Different Sites • 6 Fleet Use Only • 10 Public • 74 Charging Ports • 34 Fleet Use Only • 40 Public • 8 Different Cities or Towns Total EV Charging Stations Located in the County To Date • 85 Charging Stations • 30 Fleet Use Only • 55 Public • 34 Different Sites • 9 Fleet Use Only • 25 Public • 150 Charging Ports • 60 Fleet Use Only • 90 Public • 10 Different Cities and Towns

  24. Site Location Choice • Public or Fleet Use? • Location Needs Assessment • Voltage Available • Accessibility • Infrastructure Costs • Vehicle Designs

  25. Public or Fleet Use Only Challenges Public Fleet Use Only • Accessibility • Fee Structure • Hours of Operation • Ease of Use • Vandalism • Customer Service • Data Tracking • Driver Training • Sophistication of Equipment • Restricting Public Access

  26. Publicly Accessible Higher Infrastructure Costs Path of Travel Limitations Hardware Ease of Use Requirements Fleet Use Only Typically Less Expensive on a Per Station Cost Average

  27. One of Our First Sites In 2009

  28. Same Site in 2013

  29. Public Accessibility Challenges Is It a Fueling Station or a Parking Space? Federal -- American with Disabilities Act (ADA) State – Building Codes Local – Permitting

  30. Infrastructure Costs Vary Greatly Low Cost Example

  31. High Cost of Installation….

  32. ….300 Feet of Trenching….

  33. …….Through Two Parking Lots

  34. Realized Infrastructure Costs

  35. Realized Infrastructure Costs

  36. Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) Choices? Which Design Meets ADA Requirements?

  37. Charging Port at the Right Quarter Panel OK Design. Is the cord long enough?

  38. Charging Port at Left Front Fender Better Design Angled or Straight In Vehicle Positioning?

  39. Charging Port in the Front Best Design

  40. Driver Training. The Key to Everything…..

  41. Help? You Are Not Alone in Figuring It Out California Office of Planning and Research Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Guidelines http://opr.ca.gov/docs/PEV_Access_Guidelines.pdf Plug-In Electric Vehicle Collaborative http://www.evcollaborative.org/ Bay Area Climate Collaborative Collaborative http://www.baclimate.org/ Sonoma County Electric Vehicle Charging Station Program and Installation Guidelines http://www.sonoma-county.org/prmd/docs/misc/ev_prog_guidelines.pdf

  42. Thank You! Source: Audi Questions and Discussion BC Capps Energy and Sustainability Division bc.capps@sonoma-county.org David Worthington Fleet Operations Division david.worthington@sonoma-county.org

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