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COMP/ELEC 429 Introduction to Computer Networks

COMP/ELEC 429 Introduction to Computer Networks. Lecture 1: Overview Slides used with permissions from Edward W. Knightly, T. S. Eugene Ng, Ion Stoica, Hui Zhang. The 2004 A. M. Turing Award Goes to. Bob Kahn. Vint Cerf. The 2004 A. M. Turing Award Goes to.

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COMP/ELEC 429 Introduction to Computer Networks

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  1. COMP/ELEC 429Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Overview Slides used with permissions from Edward W. Knightly, T. S. Eugene Ng, Ion Stoica, Hui Zhang

  2. The 2004 A. M. Turing Award Goes to...

  3. Bob Kahn Vint Cerf The 2004 A. M. Turing Award Goes to... • "For pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking." • The only Turing Award given to-date to recognize work in computer networking

  4. But at the Same Time... This Monday, 110 attacks from China; 26 attacks from USA 2/24/2008 YouTube traffic mis-routed to Pakistan Q2/2008 1000s of Netherlands DSL customers lost service due to network configuration error 11/10/2008 CTBC (Brazil) black-holed all Internet traffic in some parts of Brazil 2/16/2009 Supro (Czech) routing messages triggered a Cisco router bug world-wide 5/2009 AfNOG (Africa) routing messages triggered buffer overflow in open-source routing software Quagga world-wide Source: Akamai Technologies, Inc.

  5. Telephony • Interactive telecommunication between people • Analog voice • Transmitter/receiver continuously in contact with electronic circuit • Electric current varies with acoustic pressure Analog/Continuous Signal

  6. Telephony Milestones • 1876: Alexander Bell invented telephone • 1878: Public switches installed at New Haven and San Francisco, public switched telephone network is born • People can talk without being on the same wire! Without Switch With Switch

  7. Telephony Milestones • 1878: First telephone directory; White House line • 1881: Insulated, balanced twisted pair as local loop • 1885: AT&T formed • 1892: First automatic commercial telephone switch • 1903: 3 million telephones in U.S. • 1915: First transcontinental telephone line • 1927: First commercial transatlantic commercial service

  8. Telephony Milestones • 1937: Multiplexing introduced for inter-city calls • One link carries multiple conversations With Multiplexing Without Multiplexing

  9. Data or Computer Networks • Networks designed for computers to computers or devices • vs. communication between human beings • Digital information • vs. analog voice Digital/Discrete Signal

  10. Links Interfaces Switches/routers Ethernet card Large router Fibers Wireless card Coaxial Cable Telephone switch Network Components (Examples)

  11. dial-up MIT TX-2 SDC Q32 Major Internet Milestones • 1960-1964 Basic concept of “packet switching” was independently developed by Baran (RAND), Kleinrock (MIT) • AT&T insisted that packet switching would never work! • 1965 First time two computers talked to each other using packets (Roberts, MIT; Marill, SDC)

  12. Major Internet Milestones • 1968 BBN group proposed to use Honeywell 516 mini-computers for the Interface Message Processors (i.e. packet switches) • 1969 The first ARPANET message transmitted between UCLA (Kleinrock) and SRI (Engelbart) • We sent an “L”, did you get the “L”? Yep! • We sent an “O”, did you get the “O”? Yep! • We sent a “G”, did you get the “G”? Crash!

  13. Major Internet Milestones • 1970 First packet radio network ALOHANET (Abramson, U Hawaii) • 1973 Ethernet invented (Metcalfe, Xerox PARC) • 1974 “A protocol for Packet Network Interconnection” published by Cerf and Kahn • First internetworking protocol TCP • This paper was cited for their Turing Award • 1977 First TCP operation over ARPANET, Packet Radio Net, and SATNET • 1985 NSF commissions NSFNET backbone • 1991 NSF opens Internet to commercial use

  14. Commercial Internet after 1994 Joe's Company Regional ISP Campus Network SprintNet America On Line UUnet NSF Network Rice NSF Network Modem AT&T IBM

  15. Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocolsby David D. Clark (1988) • Internet communication must continue despite loss of networks or gateways • The Internet must support multiple types of communications service • The Internet architecture must accommodate a variety of networks • The Internet architecture must permit distributed management of its resources • The Internet architecture must be cost effective • The Internet architecture must permit host attachment with a low level of effort • The resources used in the Internet architecture must be accountable

  16. But at the Same Time... This Monday, 110 attacks from China; 26 attacks from USA 2/24/2008 YouTube traffic mis-routed to Pakistan Q2/2008 1000s of Netherlands DSL customers lost service due to network configuration error 11/10/2008 CTBC (Brazil) black-holed all Internet traffic in some parts of Brazil 2/16/2009 Supro (Czech) routing messages triggered a Cisco router bug world-wide 5/2009 AfNOG (Africa) routing messages triggered buffer overflow in open-source routing software Quagga world-wide Source: Akamai Technologies, Inc.

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