THE RENAISSANCE

1. THE RENAISSANCE

2. The world Renaissance means “rebirth”. A 300 year period – marking a transition between the Middles Ages and Modern western Europe. It marked a revival or rebirth interest in learning and world affairs. A revival of art and learning A hope to bring back the life and culture of classical Greece and Rome.

3. CAUSES OF THE RENAISSANCE 1. The decline of the Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire after 1204 lled to an exodus of Greco- Roman scholars to the West. These scholars brought with them text and knowledge of the classical Greek and Roman civilizations which had been lost for centuries in the West

4. 2. The Crusades were a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East. Christian knights wanted to take the Holy Land and give it back to Christians In 1095, Pope Urban II called for a crusade, or war, against the Muslims In the thirteenth century, math and sciences flourished in the Arabic Islamic countries, compared with the West, where science was repressed by the Church. Some of this knowledge made its way into Europe through Spain or was brought to Europe through the Crusaders.

5. 3. THE BLACK DEATH • THE OUTBREAK OF THE BUBONIC PLAGUE • RESULTS • Europe experiences a massive decline in population • Labor is hard to find • 3.Towns and many serfs freed from feudal obligations • Church influence declines • Disrupts pattern of trade Europe was recovering from the Dark ages and the plague. People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings.

6. 4. The Hundred Years War The wars between England and France from 1337 to 1453. It was a war that encompassed most of Europe and changed the role of people in society 5.The Great Schism A split in Church authority weakened the position of the Church in society. 6. Rise of wealth and merchant class in Italy

7. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE RENAISSANCE

8. REDISCOVERY OF GREEK AND ROMAN CULTURE • EMPHASIZED REASONING- A QUESTIONING ATTITUDE AND FREE INQUIRY 3. EMPHASIZED VIEWING LIFE NOT AS PREPARATION FOR THE HEREAFTER, BUT LIVING FOR THE PRESENT 4. Featured great achievements in art, literature and science.

9. THE RENAISSANCE STARTS IN ITALY – WHY? • Italy was the center of Greco-Roman Culture • Italy was located on the Mediterranean – absorbing new ideas from the advanced Byzantine and Moslem world. 3.Italy had wealthy, influential people who became patrons(supporters) of art, literature and science.

10. Leading Renaissance Patrons • Certain Popes in Rome • Wealthy merchants in Venice • The Medici Family in Florence

11. Thriving Renaissance Cities in Italy Venice • Florence • Milan • Genoa • Venice Milan Genoa Florence Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian S ea

12. Facts about the Italian City-StatesEach city-state: • Ran its own affairs • Collected their own taxes • Had its own army 4.No central gov’t – each had ruler or despots –with unlimited power. 5.Merchants and bankers –wealthiest class – dominated political live.

13. CLASSICAL HERITAGE AND VALUES A. The Renaissance scholars looked downed on the art and literature of the Middle Ages and wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans. B. As a result a literary movement started in the 14th century Italy called Humanism.

14. It taught people to live a full life and welcome new experiences. 2.Humanists wanted people to turn away from the medieval view that the only important part of life was working toward eternal salvation at death. 3. Humanists wanted people to have better lives in this world, rather than waiting on the next. Humanism stressed man and his talents.

15. 4. Humanism stressed studying history, literature, and philosophies – called the humanities 5. The Renaissance became a secular movement – its major interest lying outside the sphere of religion, even though most remained devout Catholics.

16. 4. Humanism stressed studying history, literature, and philosophies – called the humanities 5. The Renaissance became a secular movement – its major interest lying outside the sphere of religion, even though most remained devout Catholics. 6. Education during the Renaissance aimed that the “complete or universe man” (The Renaissance Man) Who excelled in many fields.

17. Individual has dignity and worth Seek fulfillment in daily life HUMANISM Challenged long accepted traditions and institutions Ideal person should participate in….. Art, Politics, Sports, Literature And Music

18. HUMANIST WRITERS

19. Wrote a book called The Book of the Courtier • Which describes three characteristics of the perfect courtier (one in attendance at a royal court- a noble) • Nobles were born, not made, and should posses impeccable character, grace, talents, and noble birth. • The perfect noble must develop two basic skills” • He should participate in military and bodily exercises. • The noble was expected to follow a certain standard of conduct: • Nobles should not hide their accomplishments but should display them with grace. • The aim of the perfect noble was to serve his prince in an effective and honest way. • IMPACT: Castiglione had a great influence through his writing on Renaissance behavior. His book was a great help in the shaping of the Italian Renaissance. Baldassare Castiglione

20. Francesco Petrarch1304-1374Italian poet and humanist Assembled Greek and Roman writings. Wrote beautiful sonnets expressing romantic love in the Vernacular Known as the Father of Humanism

21. Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus The Praise of Folly It made fun of medieval superstitions, prejudices, upper class, privileges, and church abuses. Used humor to show the immoral and ignorant behavior of people, including the clergy. He felt people would be open minded and be kind to others. Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible “I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated . . . As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it” Erasmus

22. Giovanni Boccaccio An Italian author and poet. Best Known for “Decameron” – A collection of one hundred tales.

23. Sir Thomas More English Humanist Wrote: Utopia A book about a perfect society Believed men and women live in harmony. No private property, no war, no poverty and no ignorance and no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing criminals.

24. He was a major French Renaissance humanist writer, doctor and Renaissance humanist. He has historically been regarded as a writer of fantasy, satire, the grotesque, and both bawdy... Wrote a comic adventure called “Gargantua and Pantagruel” He believed that humans were basically good and should live their lives by their instincts, rater than by religious rules. François Rabelais

25. THE VERNACULARREPLACES LATIN IN LITERATURE • In the Middle Ages Latin was the language of literature, the Church, and the educated people in western Europe. • The rise of the vernacular or national language, such as French, Italian, Spanish, English, etc. • At the end of the Middle Ages writers began to use their national languages and discarded Latin.

26. GREAT VERNACULAR WRITERS Dante (1265-1321) - Called the “Father of Modern Italian.” Wrote Divine Comedy – a long poem describing Dante’s trip through Hell, Purgutory and Heaven. Dante Chaucer (1343-1400) – wrote the Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer

27. Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) An Italian – wrote The Prince The Prince describes how rulers maintained power by methods that ignored right or wrong. Stated that politically “ the ends justifies the means” Stated that for rulers, “it was better to be feared than to be loved” The Prince continued to influence European rulers for centuries

28. Miguel de Cervantes (1537-16160 A Spaniard. He ridiculed Middle Age societies, especially knighthood and chivalry in his book Don Quixote

29. An English playwright – Romeo and Juliet Hamlet Macbeth And More

30. John Milton (1608-1674) An Englishman Retold the Biblical story of the Creation and the Garden of Eden in his epic poem Paradise Lost

31. The Invention of Printing Encourages Literature Johannes Gutenberg About 1450 printing by movable type was invented by Johann Gutenburg (German). As compared to medieval hand-copy of books, printing tremendously increased output, accuracy and decreased cost. It also encouraged literacy and education. It also encouraged talented men to write.