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Inequality and Equality

Inequality and Equality. Are Human Beings Unequal in Essence?. Aristocrats Plato – Golden Souls Aristotle – Natural Hierarchy Nietzsche – The Will to Power Egalitarians Stoics – Understanding the law of nature Christianity – Spiritual Equality Liberalism – Natural Rights

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Inequality and Equality

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  1. Inequality and Equality

  2. Are Human Beings Unequal in Essence? • Aristocrats • Plato – Golden Souls • Aristotle – Natural Hierarchy • Nietzsche – The Will to Power • Egalitarians • Stoics – Understanding the law of nature • Christianity – Spiritual Equality • Liberalism – Natural Rights • Hobbes - Psychology

  3. If Some Human Beings Are Essentially Superior to All Others, How and by Whom Can They Be Identified? • Divine Discernment • Historical Variations in Assessments • Philosophical Discernment • The Free Market • The Well Born • Military Power • Meritocracy

  4. If Human Beings Are Essentially Equal, Are Conventional Inequalities Wrong? • Inequality is unjustified if it can not be justified in terms of the common good provided no higher arbitrator makes amends for injustices suffered. • Marx and Rousseau argue for radical democracy as solution. • Sexual conventions as an example of injustice.

  5. If All Conventional Inequalities Were Abolished Could Liberty Survive? • French and Russian Revolutions • America and England • Tocqueville and Mill – The Despotism of the Masses • Equality of Opportunity as bridge between liberty and equality

  6. If All Conventional Inequalities Were Abolished, Would Estrangement Disappear? • Humanizing Industrial Society through Equality • Alienation = inequality against the human essence – Rousseau and Marx • Equality = Estrangement from God – Kierkegaard • Revolt of the Masses - Ortega Y Gasset • What kind of equality or inequality?

  7. Should Men and Women Always and in All Ways Be Treated Equally? • Define equality? • What is the role of nature and convention? • How does the human nature vary among the sexes? • What is the status of the private and public spheres? • Is society founded unjustly on unwanted obligations that women bear? • What is the role of oppression in human order?

  8. Different feminisms • Feminist Separatism • Radical Feminism • Liberal Feminism • Patriarchal Conservatism

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