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UNDERSTANDING SAR AND EMF EXPOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION Session 2: Requirements for Compliance O

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UNDERSTANDING SAR AND EMF EXPOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION Session 2: Requirements for Compliance O

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    1. UNDERSTANDING SAR AND EMF EXPOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION Session 2: Requirements for Compliance October 20, 2011

    2. Presentation Outline Session 2 SAR Assessment Standards SAR Assessment Procedures Phantom Head Test Positions Liquids Used The Robotic System Measurement Method Measurement Reports SAR Reporting Q&As

    3. SAR ASSESSMENT STANDARDS

    4. IEEE ICES TC95/SC1

    9. Worldwide Harmonization of RF standards One RF safety standard IEEE C95.1/ICNIRP guidelines Harmonized on major issues and limits One mobile phone SAR measurement standard IEC 62209-1&2/IEEE 1528 Totally harmonized SAR assessment methods

    10. SAR ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

    11. Assessment Basics A SAR measurement system comprises: a phantom human head and a body model. specially developed liquids, a robot fitted with a measurement probe, and a mobile phone powered up to its maximum certified power level.

    12. The Phantom Head The phantom head is based upon the dimensions of a large adult male head. Studies show that that a larger head produces a higher SAR. Phantom has compressed thin ears to simulate users with small ears. In addition right and left model heads are used to ensure that the different exposure areas caused by the asymmetric location of the antenna are being measured.

    13. The Phantom Head

    14. Handset Reference Lines

    15. Touch Position

    16. Tilt Position

    17. The Flat Phantom For body-worn devices and products used in close proximity to the body IEC 62209-2 specifies a flat phantom to be used.

    18. The Liquid The liquid correlates with the dielectric properties of human head tissue. Calculated taking into account the properties of human brain tissue and outer tissue layers of the head (e.g., skin and skull) Studies suggest it provides conservative overestimate of the values. Different recipes are used for tests on different frequencies.

    19. Liquid Stimulant Materials Sucrose (>98% pure) Sodium Chloride (>99% pure) De-ionized water Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC) Bactericide Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether (DGBE) Triton X-100 Emulsufiers Mineral Oil

    20. Sample Recipe

    21. The Robotic System Consists of a mechanical arm and a special probe Begins by establishing a reference point in the phantom and then scanning throughout phantom while phone is operating at its maximum certified power level.

    22. The Robotic System

    23. Measurement Process

    24. Measurement Process The scan determines the electric field strength within the head resulting in a three dimension map indicating the maximum SAR value recorded during the test.

    25. System Validation As SAR measurement is a complicated procedure system validation is very important: Performance Checking (daily) System Validation (annual) Calibration (annual) Inter-laboratory Comparison

    26. Measurement Test Reports General introduction Identification of the test laboratory and device including hardware and software revision numbers, serial number, e.g., IMEI Measurement system Measurement system description Calibration data for relevant components Description of interpolation/extrapolation scheme used Liquids used and characteristics and results of system check Device and test details Description of the positions and orientations tested Available and tested antenna(s) and accessories incl. batteries Tested operating modes, power levels and frequency bands Report summary Tabulated SAR values over the testing positions, bands, modes and configurations Reference to exposure limits and a statement of compliance

    27. Example: Two-way Radio Compliance Tested using occupational limit due to professional use 50-50 Tx-Rx Duty Cycle (divide by 2) Max Power, Intended Use Approved Accessories (antennas, batteries, audio & body-worn) Note: Some radios evaluated to general public limits depending on product and the intended market.

    28. SAR REPORTING

    29. Background SAR reporting commenced in 2001. Little real interest from consumers based on web-site stats, enquiries to help-lines or evident at retail level. However recent political developments in a number of countries and the introduction of IEC 62209-2 meant that it was time to review and updated reporting format and key elements.

    30. Phase II Elements (A) The inclusion of one additional information/guidance note in the health and safety section/important product information section of the user manual.

    31. This information will be included in the first few pages of the manual along with other product safety information. It includes both SAR and body-worn compliance information and includes a SAR-Tick pictogram to visually reinforce the message. The overall format addresses a number of issues: Greater visibility of SAR information in the manual Consistency between manufacturers in its placement Affirmative statement and information on compliance Provides a link to full SAR text elsewhere in manual and to SAR-Tick.com website for consumers wanting more information SAR-Tick artwork is available freely for MMF members. Non-members will need to approach the MMF for licensing terms. Phase II Elements

    32. (B) The development of SAR-Tick website to provide comprehensive information source on SAR issues. WWW.SAR-TICK.COM will be a comprehensive resource on all aspects of SAR and will be available in many languages. Consumer groups will also be approached to help educate consumers on SAR issues and to promote awareness of SAR-Tick.com website. Phase II Elements

    34. (C) Modification of the existing SAR information text. Phase II Elements

    35. The inclusion of the new SAR table contains important elements: Both head and Body-worn SAR values are included. Values are displayed more prominently in the text. The measurement conditions under which the max. SAR was recorded are specifically mentioned. This approach addresses key issues raised in the past (prominence) ensures compliance with latest IEC commitments, and ensures that misleading comparisons of SAR by ranking phones SAR cannot be undertaken. The text retains information for consumers on practical measures to reduce exposure if they are concerned. Phase II Elements

    36. Conclusion Scientifically, one RF safety standard now exists Along with harmonized mobile phone SAR measurement standard IEC 62209 Parts 1 & 2 should be used to show compliance with ICNIRP limits SAR limits have been designed to ensure protection for all members of the community SAR testing methodology is complex but conservative Risk communication is also an important element for public confidence.

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