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Understanding Sedimentary Rocks and Weathering Processes

Learn about the formation of sedimentary rocks through weathering processes such as chemical and mechanical weathering. Explore the rock cycle, transportation, deposition, and lithification of sediments.

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Understanding Sedimentary Rocks and Weathering Processes

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  1. Lab 06 ONLINE LESSON Use down or up arrows to navigate

  2. DO TAKE NOTES WHILE PERUSING ALONG…

  3. Sedimentary Rocks

  4. As we saw last time, a rock is a collection of minerals…

  5. There’s a mineral There’s a mineral There’s a mineral

  6. A sedimentary rock is comprised of pieces of other rocks called sediment…

  7. There’s a sediment There’s a sediment There’s a sediment

  8. The Rock Cycle tells us that rocks first start out as igneous rocks…

  9. Eventually, these rocks undergo changes…

  10. Weathering is the process of breaking up rocks…big rocks turn into small rocks

  11. Sediment (small rocks) is transported and deposited where it forms into sedimentary rock…

  12. So a sedimentary rock is just a collection of rock particles called sediment…

  13. Weathering is the process of breaking rocks apart…

  14. There are two types of weathering… Chemical Mechanical

  15. Chemical weathering is caused by chemicals that come in contact with minerals……

  16. One chemical is water… H2O

  17. Water will come in contact with halite…

  18. Water will break up the halite…

  19. Halite is broken down into its constituent elements of sodium (Na+) and chloride(Cl-)

  20. This is chemical weathering…

  21. Another example of chemical weathering…

  22. Acids will break down minerals…… Carbonic Acid calcite CaCO3 + H2CO3- → Ca2+ + 2HCO3-

  23. Calcite plus carbonic acid will break down to form calcium and bicarbonate…

  24. Mechanical Weathering is caused by mechanical actions

  25. In other words…rocks are broken down by a pushing, pounding or scraping force…

  26. Frost Wedging= low atmospheric temperatures will break up rocks

  27. Water in cracks will freeze causing the expanding water to break up rocks…

  28. The result is sediment

  29. Landslides are another form of mechanical weathering…

  30. Rocks under the force of gravity will fall down and break up on impact with the ground…

  31. Punch the dinosaur to see a video of some jokers producing an artificial mechanical weathering

  32. Did you see that? A large sandstone was pushed over the cliff…fell and broke into smaller rocks…

  33. Mechanical weathering in action!

  34. So, weathering breaks up rocks…by the way, these rocks are generally referred to as Clastic Sedimentary Rocks…

  35. Clastic meaning that rocks are broken up into fragments…

  36. So how do sediments make rocks?

  37. In addition to weathering… transportation, deposition and lithification of sediments must take place…

  38. Transportation is the movement of sediment…

  39. Streams are a common mechanism of transportation…

  40. Stream is just another word for a river…

  41. Streams can carry large quantities of sediment…as long as streams move, sediment is transported…

  42. Streams move…sediments move…

  43. However, once a stream stops moving, then sediments will be deposited…

  44. Deposition occurs when a mechanism of transportation stops…

  45. Streams stop…sediments dropout of moving water…

  46. Deposition occurs…

  47. The result….

  48. A sedimentary rock…

  49. Such as this sandstone…

  50. It is made out of sand…

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