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Renewable Resources: Biological Emphasis

Renewable Resources: Biological Emphasis. SLATE Winter 2006 Max D. Lechtman. Energy Policy Act - 2005. Energy Efficiency. New Federal Efficiency Standards for household appliances 50,000 MW saved by 2020 Consumers tax credits Energy Efficient Homes-business tax credits

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Renewable Resources: Biological Emphasis

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  1. Renewable Resources:Biological Emphasis SLATE Winter 2006 Max D. Lechtman

  2. Energy Policy Act - 2005

  3. Energy Efficiency • New Federal Efficiency Standards for household appliances • 50,000 MW saved by 2020 • Consumers tax credits • Energy Efficient Homes-business tax credits • Businesses tax deductions • Home Products-manufacturers tax credits

  4. Electricity • Reliability-new mandatory rules • Market Manipulation-strengthens protections • PUHCA Repeal-streamlines 1935 law, encourages investment in infrastructure • Mergers-improved oversight

  5. Hydropower • Relicensing Reforms Easing paperwork will continue cheap electricity

  6. Coal • Clean Coal production-tax credits • Clean Coal Facilities-tax credits • Transportation Fuel-$1billion for research • Reducing Reliance on Foreign Oil & Gas • by 2025 need less oil and gas • Creating New Jobs-55,000 coal miners

  7. Oil • Increased Domestic Production • improved production from existing sites • Increasing Western States Production • streamline permitting process • Innovative Technologies • encourage carbon sequestration

  8. Natural Gas • Developing More Natural Gas • Western States Pilot Program • Eliminates paperwork delays • 7 trillion cubic feet of new gas by 2020

  9. Nuclear • New Nuclear Plants • anticipate up to 19 • Increased Generation • 20,000 to 25,000 megawatts between 2015 and 2020 • Creation of New Jobs • 40,000 to 45,000 in construction • 10,000 high tech plant operations

  10. Wind • New Wind Production • extends tax credit • Increased Capacity • 2,500 megawatts this year • 14,000 megawatts by 2007 • Environmental Issues • Offset 7 billion pounds of Carbon Dioxide

  11. Solar • More Solar Energy Generation • tax incentives • Encourages Consumers • 30% tax credit for homeowners until 1 Jan.’08

  12. Clean Fuels and Vehicles • Environmental Issues • require ethanol to replace MTBE • Lower Prices • decrease special fuels • Hybrid Cars Tax Credit • replaces tax deduction with more generous credit

  13. Ethanol • Economic Gains • Offset 2 billion barrels of oil • Improve farm economy • New Ethanol Plants • More than 150 in the works • Creation of New Jobs +234,840 by 2012

  14. The Rainbow’s End

  15. Anaerobic Process

  16. Selected Biogas Projects • The Cow Train-whole animal & manure • Canadian Municipal Power-cow manure • Antelope Valley-sewage • GM-landfill gas • Direct Fuel Cell-sewage • UC Davis/Garbage

  17. Cow Train

  18. Cow Train • Svensk Biogas Company • Linkoping, Sweden • 30 cows to get the 75 miles from Linkoping to Vastervik • Chop animals into slurry, anaerobic digester produces biogas • Can also use manure and other organic waste Discover, May 2006

  19. Canadian Municipal Power • Ontario Provincial Government • Annual manure production from 5500 cattle will yield sufficient gas to produce: 7000 megawatts 9000 tons of fertilizer

  20. Antelope Valley • Sewage Gas-methane and hydrogen Fuel cell-250 kilowatts Microturbine-250 kilowatts

  21. General Motors • As of Feb. 2005, seven GM Plants use landfill gas for steam operations • Annual savings of $500,000/plant

  22. Direct Fuel Cell • Japanese Industry Group Tests • Biogas/Wastewater Treatment • Evaluated electrical efficiency, exhaust heat recovery, and ability to reduce particulates,nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides • Exceeded Japan’s strict environmental requirements

  23. UC Davis • New Anaerobic Digester Design • Three tons/day of Municipal Garbage: • 600 kilowatts for Campus use • Fertilizer • Materials to make fiberboard

  24. Ethanol

  25. Ethanol • Supplies expected to be tight this summer • 155,000 barrels of MTBE to be replaced per day-but only 25,000 barrels of ethanol available • Spot price $2.60/gallon; more than double last spring • Industry expanding and expects to meet need for E10------what about E85??

  26. Anything Into Oil

  27. Anything Into Oil • Feedstock can be: • Auto Residual Debris • Medical Waste • Municipal Solid Waste • Plastic Bottles • Sewage Sludge • Turkey Offal

  28. Thermal Conversion Process • Feedstock ground into small chunks • Mixed with water • 250 C + 600 pounds/square inch • Release pressure & boil off water • Separate crude hydrocarbons • 500 C • Distill • Can destroy prions

  29. Products % Products OilBiogas Carbon Water Solids Turkey 39 6 5 50 Plastic 70 16 6 8 Sewage 26 9 8 57 Medical Waste 65 10 5 20

  30. Products One ton of Turkey Offal yields approximately: 600 pounds of oils 100 pounds of butane/methane 60 pounds of activated carbon-type material plus good quality liquid plant fertilizer

  31. Anything Into Oil Changing World Technologies Plant Carthage, MO. 400 barrels/day of crude oil, refined to: No. 2—diesel and gasoline No. 4—industrial heating They expect to make a profit with the new Energy Policy Law tax credit.

  32. Biodiesel

  33. Process

  34. Good News • 85% vegetable oil • Standard diesel engine • Non-toxic, biodegradable • Flammable at 350 F • Good lubricant • Cleaner emissions

  35. Bad News • Dissolves paint • will need to wipe spills ASAP • Degrades rubber fuel lines/gaskets • Good solvent • therefore may clog filter • Gels at about 32 F • will need auxiliary heater for cold weather

  36. Bibliography • General Background www.energyjustice.net • Energy Policy Law-2005 www.e85fuel.com/legislation/energy072705.pdf • Ethanolwww.e85fuel.com/e85101/faqs/e85.php?topic=E85101

  37. Bibliography • Biodiesel, www.biofuelsoasis.com/html/basics.html www.biodieselcommunity.org/howitsmade • Anything Into Oil; Lemley, B., Discover April 2006; page 46-51. • All Aboard The Cow Train, Carey, B., Discover May 2006, page 18.

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