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Understanding Inverters: Conversion of DC to AC and Control Techniques for Variable Frequency

Inverters play a critical role in converting available DC sources into AC of variable frequency, using force-commutated designs. The AC output frequency can be adjusted by modifying the conduction periods of thyristors, resulting in periodic waveforms that can approximate sinusoidal shapes. Common applications of inverters include speed control in motors, aircraft power supply, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and high-voltage DC transmission. This overview covers half-bridge and full-bridge inverters, voltage control techniques, and pulse-width modulation methods for efficient operation.

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Understanding Inverters: Conversion of DC to AC and Control Techniques for Variable Frequency

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  1. Introduction • Conversion of available DC source into AC of variable frequency is accomplished by force commutated inverters. • The frequency of AC at output can be varied by controlling the conduction period of thyristors. • Output voltage of inverter has periodic waveform that is not sinusoidal but can be made to closely approximate this desired waveform. • Inverters are used in industrial applications, including speed control of induction and synchronous motor, aircraft power supplies, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and high-voltage DC transmision.

  2. Half-Bridge Inverter

  3. Square-wave output Step-wave output

  4. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

  5. Half-Bridge VSI

  6. Example 10.1

  7. Full-Bridge VSI

  8. Square-Wave output With Inductive RL load

  9. Step-Wave output

  10. Inverter Voltage Control Techniques 1- Control of DC input voltage supplied to the inverter 2- Control of AC output voltage of the inverter 3- Control of the voltage within the inverter

  11. Pulse-Width Modulation

  12. (A) Single Pulse-Width Modulation

  13. (B) Multiple Pulse-Width Modulation Variable duty cycle with m= 5 • m= 2 • m= 3

  14. (C) Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation

  15. PWM Inverters Single-phase Full-Bridge Inverters

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