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Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth

Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth. Presented by Ken Dozier USC ETTC. Technology Transfer. NASA Mission: Transfer technology developed in the space program to the private sector, Across all 50 States Special focus on SME

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Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth

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  1. Bringing Digital Technology Back to Earth Presented by Ken Dozier USC ETTC

  2. Technology Transfer • NASA Mission: Transfer technology developed in the space program to the private sector, • Across all 50 States • Special focus on SME • Technology in Space Industry should be a technological windfall to the U.S. economy • Windfall - unexpected gain, blessing, unsolicited advantage, serendipity, stroke of luck, pleasant surprise, godsend, boon, bonanza

  3. High Definition Imaging • NASA has used high definition cameras to record launches and mission in space for many years • Space Shuttle “Discovery” • Footage was recorded using 1920 x 1080 HD VC • The data was compressedusing Microsoft’s Media Player 9 • The projector is being driven by a PC not a HD video deck Shuttle/Earth footage

  4. Technology Transfer • 1970’s : CAD/CAM (DoD /Aerospace) • Development Costs – Millions $$$ • 1970’s : Digital Sensors in Space (NASA) • Development Costs - Millions $$$ • 1970’s : Digital Image Processing (DoD / NASA) • Development Costs - Millions $$$

  5. Technology Transfer • 1980’s: CCD Sensor Chips • Competitively Priced Professional Digital Cameras • Digital Video Tape Recorders • Broadcast Industry - Linear edit bay - cost $2 million • 1980’s – Graphic CAD/CAM Workstations • cost $75,000 • Market Broadens • Entertainment Begins to Experiment

  6. Technology Transfer • 1990’s: High Definition Digital Video developed for Broadcast industry • Factor of 5 increase in data size • High Definition Linear edit bay cost $2 million • (Controversy) Recorded on 35mm viewed side by side

  7. Technology Transfer • 1990’s: Standard Definition • Non Linear Editing - cost $100,000 • Computer Disks allow Random Access • Flushing out of the Post Houses Price Point Breakthrough !

  8. Technology Transfer • 2003:HD camcorder developed for Consumers, - cost $4000 • 2003:PC based HD Non Linear Editing systems Free software bundled with PC or with camera • 2003:PC HD edit offline, process images - cost $2000 • 2003:Million Dollar Space Sensors in the hands of Digital Cinema Artists

  9. Benefit of Digital Technology to Cinema Artists • It is about the story, not about the production or distribution costs • Niche Stories can compete with the 12 year old Friday night market. • Digital Media Incubator studios become possible.

  10. Formula for Success • Media Incubators provide facilities that will allow new artists initial commercial exposure (Roger Corman would be proud) • Provide access to Mentoring • Use of latest Professional Technologies • Networked Incubators Creates New Digital Distribution Network and Access to markets

  11. A New Paradigm - Economical Technologies • Digital Camera for Acquisition • Immediate feedback for everyone • Immediate editing, color correction, immediate post • Computer(s) Storage • Server Farms • On line conform, color correction, effects, format conversion • Mastering • Digital Projection Screening Room • No tape or film

  12. “A” List – Incubator Gear (Cost $600,000+) • Camera: Thompson Viper Camera 1080p (1920 x 1080p) • Output: 4:4:4 10-bit log dpx format • Capture: Directors Friend • Post Production: Computer – Thompson Spectra or Discreet Inferno Image courtesy of Thompson Grass Valley Image courtesy of Discreet

  13. Broadcast - Commercials (Cost $200,000) • Camera: Sony (1920 x1080p) 24fps 4:2:2 • Capture: Computer - Boxx • Editing: Computer – Boxx Price Point Breakthrough ! Image courtesy of Sony Corporation Image courtesy of Boxx Technologies

  14. Next Sundance: Distribution Quality (Cost $100,000) • Camera: Panasonic Variframe (1280 x 720p) 24fps 4:2:2 • Capture: Apple Computer • Editing: Apple Computer Image courtesy of Panasonic Image courtesy of Apple Computers

  15. Consumer Quality (Cost $6,000) • Camera: JVC Pro (1280 x 720) 30i fps 4:1:1 • Capture: DV Tape • Editing: Any PC Computer Image courtesy of JVC Image courtesy of Dell Computers Image courtesy of Fuji Used for Star Wars: Episode II animatics

  16. Cinema Master Workflow Source: “A Data-Centric Approach to Cinema Mastering” Thomas J. True, SGI

  17. eFilm Configuration Imagica Film Scanners CXFS SAN 52 TB TP4900 Brocade Switches Laser Film Output ELab Real-time Coloring Timing and Dust-busting SGI Onyx 3400 Visual Effects Optical House Titling House Multiversion Rendering SGI Origin 300 Edit Rendering SGI Origin 300 ELab Real-time Film Stock Emulation SGI Onyx 3400 Backup Server SGI Origin 300 DLP Projection Screening Theater Source: “Digital Infrastructure Solution for Production” J. Farney, SGI

  18. Incubator Digital Post • Schematic Layout HD VTR D-Beta NTSC D-Beta PAL Other VTR Other VTR External Serial Digital Interface DA-88 DA-88 DA-88 DAT DAT Audio Digital Audio I/O PC Array PC Array PC Array PC Array PC PC Array RAID RAID RAID RAID RAID Gigabit Network

  19. Incubation Opens the Door to Opportunity • Eliminates the cost of answer prints for “First Screenings” • Low cost technology lets SMEs get into the business • Access to Technology Transfer provides Windfall Opportunities for Local Economic Development

  20. HDTV Title“Pasadena” • Shot 1920 x 1080 • Boom mounted Sony F900 camera allowed close moves. • One day of shooting (4 hours of material) • Cameraman used HD Monitor not Eyepiece. • Tiny Projector 1024 x 768HD projector 1280 x 1024 Pasadena-clip-1 Pasadena-clip-2

  21. HDTV Title“Pasadena” • Adobe Premiere using proxy images • Down sampled to 480 x 240 images for editing on ordinary PC • Time Code was not used or needed

  22. HDTV Title“Pasadena” • Full 1920 x 1080 resolution HD conformed on a PC • Finished HD playback 1280 x 720. Pasadena-clip

  23. NASA Technology • Millions $$ in Government funded R&D • Special programs for SMEs • Available for Licensing and Commercial Development • Help in accessing information is available through USC’s Engineering Technology Transfer Center • See the web page at http://www.usc.edu/go/TTC

  24. DVQ Digital Video Quality Sampling, Cropping and Color Transformations Blocking Discrete Cosine Transform Transformation to Local Contrast Reference Image Sequence Test Image Sequence Temporal Filtering Transformation To Contrast Sensitivity Functions Contrast Masking Pooling Conversion To a Measure of Visual Quality • PROBLEM ADDRESSED Evaluation of visual quality of digital video (HDTV) • TECHNICAL APPROACH A computationally efficient metric based on human visual processing: (1) Comparison of one or more selected features (image frames, color channels, rows of blocks, columns of blocks, horizontal spatial frequencies, or vertical spatial frequencies) of processed digital sequences of the image under evaluation and a reference image: (2) Processing consisting of sampling, cropping, and color transformations, blocking, acceleration of spatial filtering by taking discrete cosine transforms, temporal filtering and normalization to visual thresholds • POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Any digital display, e.g. HDTV • BENEFITS (1) Quantitative assessment of display quality that incorporates properties or human visual processing, (i.e., dynamic adaptation to changing brightness, luminance, and chromatic channels, spatial and temporal filtering, spatial frequency channels, dynamic contrast masking, and summation of probabilities); (2) Requires only modest computational resources to compute metrics in real time

  25. PERILOGCONTEXTUAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL • PROBLEM ADDRESSED Facilitation of information retrieval from large databases • TECHNICAL APPROACH A method and software for advanced information retrieval, consisting of organizing and ranking data by contextual relationships • POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Data mining (text, music, genetic code, etc.), knowledge management • BENEFITS (1) Increase in information retrieval rates and probability of successful retrieval

  26. Spatial Standard Observer • PROBLEM ADDRESSED Numerical measure of the perceptual intensity and difference of an image • POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Photometric instruments, copiers, video codecs, displays, graphics software, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems • BENEFITS (1) Allows quantitative assessment of the goodness of a single image or comparison of two images Spatial Standard Algorithm Difference?

  27. DCTune • PROBLEM ADDRESSED: Improvement of digital image compression • TECHNICAL APPROACH: Discrete cosine transform (DCT) compression of image; customized quantization matrix to image, using:(1) Luminance masking(2) Contrast masking (3) Error pooling(4) Entropy coding • POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS Internet multimedia, cable TV, HDTV, motion picture transmission & archival, still or motion picture editing, digital copiers & scanners, digital facsimile machines, digital still-and video-cameras • BENEFITS Minimum perceptual error for any bit rate, or minimum bit rate for a given perceptual error can be used as add-on SW module to existing imaging workstations Original Optimized Images courtesy of NASA Ames Vision group

  28. VISARVideo Image Stabilization and Registration • PROBLEM ADDRESSED: VISAR is a computer algorithm that corrects for zoom, tilt, and jitter • TECHNICAL APPROACH: By combining several video images together, noise can be averaged out among the frames and the video frames can be centered on the screen. • BENEFITS:(1) Stabilize, sharpen, and brighten image sequences and stills(2) Steadying and reducing the noise in the images, brings out a wealth of information, revealing new, previously obscured details • POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Surveillance, crime scene footage, sting operations, and dash-mounted video cameras, Security, video feed from aircraft, target identification and confirmation, training, and event reconstruction Images courtesy of NASA Ames Vision group

  29. Step Into Liquid 88 Minute Feature - Shot using: HD, 35mm, 16mm, Digital Video Will be screened at Tommy Bahama Celestial Cinema on June 12th -- 8pm. Trailer courtesy of Tim Harader, Microsoft Corp. Step clip

  30. Brought to you by The NASA Far West Regional Technology Transfer Center http://www.usc.edu/go/TTC

  31. In affiliation with: http://www.wrjgroup.com

  32. Special Thanks to: Jim Steele Digital Cinema Solutions

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