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It is all about the body!!!!

Biological Perspective http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/intro-to-biological-psychology.html. It is all about the body!!!!. The Nervous System http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/neurons.html. It starts with an individual nerve cell called a NEURON. Neuroanatomy. Synapse.

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It is all about the body!!!!

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  1. Biological Perspectivehttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/intro-to-biological-psychology.html It is all about the body!!!!

  2. The Nervous Systemhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/neurons.html It starts with an individual nerve cell called a NEURON.

  3. Neuroanatomy Synapse Synapse Neurotransmitters (chemicals held in terminal buttons that travel through synaptic gap)

  4. How a Neuron Fires It is an electrochemical process • Electrical inside the neuron • Chemical outside the neuron (in the synapse in the form of a neurotransmitter). • The firing is called Action Potential.

  5. The All-or None Response • The idea that either the neuron fires or it does not- no part way firing • Like a gun

  6. Steps of Action Potential • Resting potential—the neuron is ready to fire • Reached its threshold- then fires based on the all-or-none response. • Opens up a portal in axon, and lets in positive ions (Sodium) which mix with negative ions (Potassium) that is already inside the axon • The mixing of + and – ions causes an electrical charge that opens up the next portal (letting in more K) while closing the original portal. • Process continues down axon to the axon terminal. • Terminal buttons turns electrical charge into chemical (neurotransmitter) and shoots message to next neuron across the synapse.

  7. Action Potential

  8. Excitatory Effect . A neurotransmitter effect that makes it more likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential or “fire”

  9. Inhibitory Effect • A neurotransmitter effect that makes it less likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential or “fire”

  10. TYPES OF NEUROTRANSMITTERSHTTP://EDUCATION-PORTAL.COM/ACADEMY/LESSON/NEUROTRANSMITTERS.HTML

  11. Acetylcholine (ACH) • Deals with motor movement and memory. • Too much and you will…. • Too little and you will… • Lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

  12. Dopamine • Deals with motor movement and alertness. • Lack of dopamine has been linked to Parkinson’s disease. • Too much has been linked to schizophrenia.

  13. Serotonin • Involved in mood control. • Lack of serotonin has been linked to clinical depression.

  14. Endorphins • Involved in pain control. • Many of our most addictive drugs deal with endorphins.

  15. Drugs can be….. • Agonists- mimics/excites • Antagonists- stop neural firing

  16. Types of Neurons • Efferent (Motor) Neurons • Interneurons • Afferent (Sensory) Neurons

  17. A Neural Chain

  18. A Neural Chain

  19. A Neural Chain

  20. A Neural Chain

  21. The Nervous Systemhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/nervous-system.html

  22. Central Nervous System • The Brain and spinal cord • CNS

  23. Peripheral Nervous System • All nerves that are not encased in bone. • Everything but the brain and spinal cord. • Is divided into two categories….somatic and autonomic.

  24. Somatic Nervous System • Controls voluntary muscle movement. • Uses motor (efferent) neurons.

  25. Autonomic Nervous System • Controls the automatic functions of the body. • Divided into two categories…the sympathetic and the parasympathetic

  26. Sympathetic Nervous System • Fight or Flight Response. • Automatically accelerates heart rate, breathing, dilates pupils, slows down digestion.

  27. Parasympathetic Nervous System • Automatically slows the body down after a stressful event. • Heart rate and breathing slow down, pupils constrict and digestion speeds up.

  28. Reflexes • Normally, sensory (afferent) neurons take info up through spine to the brain. • Some reactions occur when sensory neurons reach just the spinal cord.

  29. http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/outmoded-approaches-to-personality-assessment.htmlhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/outmoded-approaches-to-personality-assessment.html

  30. The BrainPinky & the BrainIcons of Science • Made up of neurons and glial cells. • Glial cells support neural cells. My mom is my glial cell. She takes care of me!!!

  31. Ways to study the Brain!!! • Accidents: Phineas Gage.http://www.learner.org/resources/series142.html?pop=yes&pid=1575#

  32. Lesions Cutting into the brain and looking for change. Brain tumors also lesion brain tissue.

  33. Less Invasive ways to study the Brain http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=5119805n&tag=contentMain;contentBodyhttp://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=5119805n&tag=contentMain;contentBody • Electroencephalogram (EEG) • Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) • Functional MRI

  34. Brain Structureshttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/parts-of-the-brain.html • Some scientists divide the brain up into three parts. • Hindbrain • Midbrain • Forebrain

  35. Pons • Connects hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain together. • Involved in sleep/dreaming

  36. Medulla Oblongata • Located just above the spinal cord. Involved in control of • blood pressure • heart rate • breathing.

  37. Cerebellum • Located in the back of our head- means little brain. • Coordinates muscle movements. • Balance/coordination

  38. Midbrain • Coordinates simple movements with sensory information. • Contains the reticular formation: arousal and ability to focus attention.

  39. Thalamus • In Forebrain • Receives sensory information and sends them to appropriate areas of forebrain. • Like a switchboard. • Everything but smell.

  40. Limbic System#24 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDujDOLre-8 • EMOTIONAL CONTROL CENTER of the brain. • Made up of Hypothalamus, Amygdala and Hippocampus.

  41. Hypothalamus • Pea sized in brain, but plays a not so pea sized role. • Body temperature • Hunger • Thirst • Sexual Arousal (libido) • Endocrine System

  42. Hippocampus and Amygdala • Hippocampus is involved in memory processing. • Amygdala is vital for our basic emotions.

  43. Cerebral Cortex • Top layer of our brain. • Contains wrinkles called fissures. • The fissures increase surface area of our brain. • Laid out it would be about the size of a large pizza.

  44. HemispheresRight or Left brain dominant? • Divided into a left and right hemisphere. • Contralateral controlled- left controls right side of body and vice versa. • Brain Lateralization. • Lefties are better at spatial and creative tasks. • Righties are better at logic.

  45. Split-Brain Patients • Corpus Collosum attaches the two hemispheres of cerebral cortex. • When removed you have a split-brain patient.

  46. Areas of the Cerebral Cortex • Divided into eight lobes, four in each hemisphere (frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal). • Any area not dealing with our senses or muscle movements are called association areas.

  47. Frontal Lobe • Deals with planning, maintaining emotional control and abstract thought. • Contains Motor Cortex.

  48. Temporal Lobes • Process sound sensed by ears. • Not lateralized. • Contains Wernicke’s area. • Wernicke’s Aphasia.

  49. Occipital Lobes • In the back of our head. • Handles visual input from eyes. • Right half of each retina goes to left occipital lobe and vice versa.

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