Vaccines: Historical Perspective

1. Vaccines: Historical Perspective Immunity - state of protection from an infectious disease. 430 BC – Greek historian Thucydides - Athenian plague 15th century – Chinese attempts to induce immunity 1718 – Mary Wortley Montagu – innoculated her children 1798 – Edward Jenner – milkmaids and cowpox/smallpox

2. Vaccines: Historical Perspective Louis Pasteur early 1880’s – Cholera and chickens Attenuation hypothesis 1881 – Testing the hypothesis with anthrax and sheep 1885 – Rabies vaccine

3. Vaccines Immunization – the process of producing a state of immunity in a subject. Vaccination – intentional administration of a harmless or less harmful form of a pathogen to induce a specific immune response that protects the individual against late exposure to the pathogen.

4. Vaccines Passive immunity adaptive immunity conferred by the transfer of immune products, such as antibody or sensitized T cells, from an immune individual to a non-immune one. Natural maternal antibody Immune globulin Humanized monoclonal antibody Antitoxin

5. Vaccines Active immunity – adaptive immunity that is induced by a natural exposure to a pathogen or by vaccination.  Natural infection  Vaccines  Toxoid

6. Vaccines Types of vaccines: Live attenuated Inactivated Subunit Conjugate DNA Recombinant

7. Vaccines Multivalent Conjugate

8. Vaccines Multivalent Conjugate

9. Vaccines DNA Vaccines

10. Vaccines Recombinant Vector Vaccines