1. Adult and on and on and on and on and on

2. Adult Nutrition • variety • grains, veggies, fruits • low in saturated fat and cholesterol • moderate in sugars • moderate in salt • moderate in alcohol • moderation in smoked and cured meat • balance diet with physical activity

3. Adulthood • life expectancy has increased • doubled in 20th century • medicine • living conditions • nutrition • abundant food supply • potential is 130 years

4. Aging • begins soon after fertilization • young • not apparent • metabolism is geared toward growth and maturation • adult • major task is maintenance • old • body functions decrease as cells die

5. Healthy Aging • sleep • well-balanced meals • physical activity • no smoking, minimal alcohol • healthy body weight • lifestyle effects accumulate

6. Physiological Aging Changes • body weight • more body weight is beneficial • defense against disease • body composition • lose bone and muscle (sarcopenia) • lose ability to move and maintain balance

7. immune system declines • GI tract • loses strength and elasticity • change in hormone secretions • dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing

8. tooth loss • food variety is limited • sensory loss • taste and smell • diminishes pleasure in eating • sight • hard to cook, read food labels

9. Other Changes • psychological • depression, loneliness • economic • social • living alone, nursing homes

10. Nutrient Needs • water • difficult to get a drink • afraid to drink too much • energy • needs decline • BMR declines 1-2 % per decade • men: -10 kcal/day for every year over 19 • women: -7

11. protein • important for healthy immune system • prevent muscle wasting • carbs • abundant to protect protein • fat • moderate

12. vitamins • limited intake of fruits, vegetables and milk • supplements may be justified

13. Nutrient Related Concerns • cataracts • thickening in lenses of eyes • oxidative stress is key player • antioxidant nutrients may benefit • vitamin C, E and carotenoids • macular degeneration • oxidative stress from sunlight

14. osteoarthritis • deterioration of cartilage in joints • overweight • rheumatoid arthritis • autoimmune disease • attacks bone coverings • antioxidants may help

15. brain function • neurotransmitters diminish • enzyme dependent – vitamin/mineral dependent

16. Alzheimer’s Disease • free radicals attack DNA, cell membranes, proteins of nerve cells in brain • diseased brain has clumps of beta-amyloid • free radical accelerate clumping of beta-amyloid, beta-amyloid produce more free radicals • clogs the brain, damages nerve cells

18. Food Choices and Eating Habits • easy to open • single servings • easy to read labels • familiarity • taste