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Geographic information systems

Geographic information systems. Business Information Technology BUMT 3450 | Tamjidi | Mon 3PM By: E. Shapiro & J. Corro. Preview. Intro | Definition Origin Application | Different Types Techniques & Technology Developments Benefits Examples Sources. What is gis ?.

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Geographic information systems

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  1. Geographic information systems Business Information Technology BUMT 3450 | Tamjidi | Mon 3PM By: E. Shapiro & J. Corro

  2. Preview • Intro | Definition • Origin • Application | Different Types • Techniques & Technology • Developments • Benefits • Examples • Sources

  3. What is gis? GIS is a system of hardware and software used for storage, retrieval, mapping, and analysis of geographic data.

  4. Intro • A geographic information system (GIS) integrates hardware, software, & data for capturing, managing, analyzing, & displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. • GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, & visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, & trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, & charts. • A GIS helps you answer questions & solve problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly understood & easily shared. • GIS technology can be integrated into any enterprise information system framework.

  5. ORIGIN

  6. 4 PHASES • Phase 1 • 1960s Adopted by only few top researchers • One of the oldest GISs still operating today developed in Canada • CLI for statistics for landscaping in rural areas • Phase 2 • 1970s National agencies • Spatial process theories: Economics, social geography, anthropology, regional science • Phase 3 • Early 1980s Commercial • Transportation: routes, schedules, traffic • Phase 4 • Late 1980s Facility user experience • Computer programming

  7. applications • Maps: Everyone recognizes this most common output from a GIS. • Cartograms: These special maps that distort geographic features based on their output values rather than their size. • Charts: GIS can produce pie charts, histograms (bar charts), line charts, & even pictures in addition to maps.

  8. applications • Directions: Another common output, directions show you how to get from one place to another. • Customer lists: Business GIS applications often produce customer lists, sometimes with printed mailing labels. • 3D diagrams and movies: These forms of GIS output help you see the results of your work realistically and dramatically.

  9. TECHNIQUES & TECHNOLOGY • Spatio-Temporal location index • Coordinates, longitude, latitude, elevation, time-stamps • Decisions based on observed behaviors & patterns in real-time • Accuracy • Land surveyors • Aerial photography • Rendering layers • Geographical data is “inherently inaccurate” • Data representation • Roads, elevations, trees, waterways • Discrete objects: Houses • Continuous fields: Rainfall • 2D Raters & vectors, 3D color images

  10. TECHNIQUES & TECHNOLOGY • Data capture • Late 1980s Facility user experience • Computer programming

  11. DEVELOPMENT • Bridges • Pipelines • Wastewater • Emergency

  12. development • CAD: AutoDesk Architectural Desktop, MicroStation • Remote sensors

  13. DEVELOPMENT

  14. EXAMPLES • Smartphone apps: • GPS: Google Maps / Google Earth • Traffic: SigAlert / Beat the Traffic • Gas Station: Gas Buddy • Shopping: Yelp • Social: Facebook /FourSquare / Instagram • Banks: Chase /BofA/ WellsFargo

  15. Examples

  16. Examples

  17. Examples

  18. sources • History of GIS • http://gislounge.com/history-of-gis • Unit 23 - History of GIS • http://www.geog.ubc.ca/courses/klink/gis.notes/ncgia/u23.html#SEC23.2 • Development of GIS • http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-0708103-133728/unrestricted/Su_thesis.pdf

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