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European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization

Learn about the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization's regional approach to invasive alien species, including the management of quarantine pests and the implementation of phytosanitary measures. Explore the EPPO's program, standards, and activities in collaboration with national plant protection organizations and environmental authorities.

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European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization

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  1. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization EPPO’s Regional Approach to Invasive Alien Species I.M.Smith (Director-General)

  2. EPPO • Founded 1951 • Regional Plant Protection Organization for Europe and Mediterranean region • 44 member countries (through National Plant Protection Organizations) • Secretariat in Paris • Council, Executive Committee, Working Parties, Panels

  3. EPPO Members • Member States of European Union • EU Accession States (2004) • Probable EU Members in later years • Russia and other CIS countries • Mediterranean countries (North Africa, Middle East)

  4. EPPO Regional Standards For phytosanitary measures: • PM1 general (4) • PM2 pest-specific phytosanitary measures (300) • PM3 phytosanitary procedures (60) • PM4 certification schemes (30) • PM5 PRA schemes (5) • PM6 safety of biological control (3) • PM7 diagnostic protocols (30) • PM8 commodity-specific measures (in prep.) • PM9 national regulatory control systems (in prep.)

  5. EPPO A1 & A2 Lists • EPPO Standard PM 1 / 2: A1 and A2 lists of recommended quarantine pests • A1 list (not present in EPPO region) • A2 list (limited distribution in EPPO region) • Subject to IPPC and WTO disciplines (in particular, technical justification by PRA) • Managed by national regulations in the framework of a harmonized regional approach

  6. EPPO Council Resolution • Invasive alien species which have an effect on plants are quarantine pests under the IPPC • NPPOs should consider their responsibilities for the management of such species, in cooperation with the environmental authorities

  7. Quarantine pests • Agricultural (Ralstonia solanacearum on potato; Rhagoletis pomonella on apple) • Forests (Ceratocystis fagacearum on oaks; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus on conifers) • Pests of wild flora (in principle) • Indirect pests (bee parasites, e.g. Varroa jacobsoni; earthworm predators, e.g. Arthurdendyus triangulatus) • Plants …..

  8. Plants as quarantine pests • Parasitic plants – Arceuthobium spp. (dwarf mistletoes; Striga spp. (witchweeds) – already treated as quarantine pests by some countries • Weeds (of cultivation) – treated as quarantine pests by some EPPO countries, but technical justification arguable • Invasive plants (in environments other than cultivated land) – not treated as quarantine pests at the moment (unless also falling in previous category - Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Acroptilon repens …)

  9. EPPO Regional approach • Treat invasive alien species like quarantine pests (national measures, regionally harmonized) • Document them and subject them to PRA individually • Propose measures individually • Select on basis of risk of introduction and spread at regional level • Respect CBD guiding principles • General background measures (e.g. for soil) • Alert list

  10. Origins and pathways • «A1» invasive alien species (not yet in) • Multiple entry pathways • Not necessarily invasive at origin • May be horticultural plants • Some obvious cases but otherwise difficult to categorize • «A2 »  invasive alien species (already in) • Entry pathways not key priority • Internal pathways mostly natural • Known to be invasive (sometimes after lag phase) • Relatively easy to categorize, but difficult to decide appropriate measures

  11. EPPO Regional Standards For phytosanitary measures: • PM1 general (4) • PM2 pest-specific phytosanitary measures (300) • PM3 phytosanitary procedures (60) • PM4 certification schemes (30) • PM5 PRA schemes (5) • PM6 safety of biological control (3) • PM7 diagnostic protocols (30) • PM8 commodity-specific measures (in prep.) • PM9 national regulatory control systems (in prep.)

  12. EPPO Regional Standards For phytosanitary measures: • PM1 general (4) • PM2 pest-specific phytosanitary measures (300) • PM3 phytosanitary procedures (60) • PM5 PRA schemes (5) • PM7 diagnostic protocols (30) • PM8 commodity-specific measures (in prep.) • PM9 national regulatory control systems (in prep.)

  13. EPPO programme • Involve the NPPOs in invasive alien species • Risk analysis • Information • Measures • Consultation with environmental authorities • EPPO activity • EPPO Panel in Invasive Alien Species • Documentation of status of individual species in EPPO region • Adaptation of PRA systems for invasive species • Recommendation of species requiring management • International cooperation and participation (Convention on Biological Diversity, Berne Convention, CABI Compendium, …..)

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