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Enhancing Flow Attenuation and Water Quality in Sustainable Urban Drainage System Ponds

This research investigates flow and quality issues in Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) ponds, combining mathematical modeling with field sampling. Key questions include the relationship between flow attenuation, solute dilution, storage, and outlet configurations. The study reveals that peak flow attenuation improves with decreased pipe elevation and increased diameter, while solute dilution increases with higher pipe elevation and smaller diameters. The effects of sediment accumulation, including metal concentration relationships, are also examined, providing recommendations for optimal SUDS pond design and maintenance.

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Enhancing Flow Attenuation and Water Quality in Sustainable Urban Drainage System Ponds

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  1. (Edinburgh-associated) Research Team Dr. Steve Wallis & Catherine Morgan (PhD student) (Heriot Watt University) Dr. Kate Heal & Alan Jones (PhD student) (The University of Edinburgh) Dr. Rebecca Lunn & PhD student? (University of Strathclyde)

  2. Flow and quality issues in SUDS ponds • Combination of modelling (HWU & SU) and field sampling (EU)

  3. Flow attenuation and dilution in SUDS ponds:Research questions • How are flow attenuation and solute dilution related to available storage and outlet configuration? • Mathematical modelling results for pond with v-notch weir at 2m above pond base and various submerged pipes: • 4 diameters • 4 elevations

  4. 1.5m 1.0m Increasing peak flow attenuation 0.5m 0m Anomalies Flow attenuation results Relationship between peak flow attenuation, storage and outlet configuration; legend - pipe diameter; dashed lines – pipe elevation

  5. Flow attenuation results • Summary of key issues: • Peak flow attenuation increases as pipe elevation decreases (more storage available) • Peak flow attenuation increases as pipe diameter increases (less storage used) • Two regimes: • weir used – normal • weir not used - anomolous

  6. 0m Improving water quality 0.5m 1.0m 1.5m First flush dilution results Relationship between peak solute dilution, storage and outlet configuration; legend - pipe diameter; dashed lines – pipe elevation

  7. First flush dilution results • Summary of key issues: • Peak solute dilution increases as pipe elevation increases (more dilution volume available) • Peak solute dilution increases as pipe diameter decreases (more dilution volume available) • Conclusion: • Conflict between flow attenuation and solute dilution

  8. Sediment in SUDS ponds:Research questions Halbeath Pond • Characterise sediment accumulation and quality in SUDS ponds • Investigate sediment particle size-metal concentration relationships • Model sedimentation patterns (and quality?) in SUDS ponds • Provide recommendations for design and maintenance of SUDS ponds • Effect of loss of storage on performance of pond Sediment in Pond 7

  9. Sedimentation patterns and accumulation rates Linburn Pond Main inflow Effect of surface water management train on sedimentation rate: • 1.0 cm a-1 in Halbeath Pond (no management train) • 0.4 cm a-1 in Linburn Pond (management train) 1999 2003 2003

  10. Sediment quality results Increased metal concentrations over time • Sediment quality “hotspots” in ponds, normally close to inlet. • So far mean concentrations of potentially toxic metals, N, P and hydrocarbons in Dunfermline pond sediments do not exceed sediment quality guidelines (e.g. Ontario Ministry of Environment Severe Effect Levels), apart from Ni and Cr in Pond 7. • Mean concentrations close to guideline values for Ni and Cr in all ponds.

  11. Depth (m) Water Sediment 1.0 m 0.3 m Post-processed 450 MHz ground penetrating radar trace of transect across the Wetland 0.5 m 0.7 m Current work • SUDS pond sediment modelling (advection, mixing, settling) • Risk assessment of SUDS pond sediments according to land use • Apply geomorphological principles to model sediment accumulation in SUDS ponds • Use geophysical methods to survey sediment depths in SUDS ponds

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