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Issues in Urban Planning

Issues in Urban Planning. BY - V.W. DESHPANDE , B.E. (Civil), M. Engg. (Bangkok), L.L.B. F.I.E., F.I.V, F.I.S (Valuation), F.R.I.C.S. A.I.T.P.,. EX DIRECTOR OF TOWN PLANNING MAHARASHTRA STATE, PUNE. WELCOME.

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Issues in Urban Planning

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  1. Issues in Urban Planning BY - V.W. DESHPANDE, B.E. (Civil), M. Engg. (Bangkok), L.L.B. F.I.E., F.I.V, F.I.S (Valuation), F.R.I.C.S. A.I.T.P.,. EX DIRECTOR OF TOWN PLANNING MAHARASHTRA STATE, PUNE.

  2. WELCOME

  3. THE IDEAL SIZE FOR A COMMUNITY OF CITIZENS AS 5040. • THE NUMBER WHICH CAN BE ACCOMODATED IN CENTRAL MARKET PLACE IN ATHENS. • MEN CAME TO THE CITY TO LIVE, BUT THEY STAYED THERE TO LIVE THE GOOD LIFE.

  4. URBANISATION • IN THE MID 19TH CENTURY, NO COUNTRY WAS PREDOMINANTLY URBAN. • BY 1900, ENGLAND WAS IN THIS CATEGORY. • BY 1950, QUARTER OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION LIVED IN TOWNS AND CITIES. • AND BY NOW, 1/2 OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION IS STAYING IN URBAN CENTERS. • THE URBANISATION IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IS SPREAD OVER MANY CENTURIES, ACCELERATING IN THE LATE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY.

  5. URBANISATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES • IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, IT IS COMPRESSED IN THE LAST 30 YEARS. • BY 1950, 1/5 OF THE POPULATION WAS LIVING IN CITIES. • BY 1975, 1/3 OF THE POPULATION WAS LIVING IN CITIES. • BY 2008, 1/2 OF THE POPULATION WILL BE LIVING IN CITIES.

  6. EFFECTS OF RAPID URBANISATION • PRESSURE ON EXISTING INADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE. • INADEQUATE SOCIAL AMNETIES. • POOR HOUSING CONDITIONS. • INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS. • TRAFFIC CONGESTION. • INADEQUATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT.

  7. GEDDES CONSIDETRED THET THERE WAS NO POIN IN PLANNING A PLACE EXCEPT FOR THE BENEFIT OF FOLK WHO EARN THEIR LIVING BY WORK PLACE : NATURAL CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE,TOPOGRAPHY FOLK-PLACE: HOUSES, SCHOOLS, SOCIAL USES, OPEN SPACE WORK-PLACE: FACTORY, WORK SHOP, OFFICE SYNTHESIS: THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOLK : SOCIOLOGY,SOCIAL CONDITIONS, RELIGION WORK : ECONOMIC CONDITIONS,SEARCH FOR FOOD FOLK-WORK: EKMPLOYMENT, SKILLS, LABOUR POOL

  8. SOLUTION • COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING IS NECESSARY TO HANDLE THESE ILL EFFECTS.

  9. PLANNING PROCESS • PERCEIVATION OF PROBLEMS. • IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS. • FORMULATION OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. • STUDY THE ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS. • ADOPT THE PLANS TO FULFILL THE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES. • IMPLEMENTATION. • MONITORING THE IMPLEMENTATION AND MODIFYING THE PLAN TO SUIT THE CHANGES.

  10. Development plan as per MR & TP Act Various Steps • Section 23- declaration of intention • Section 24- Appointment of Town Planning officer • Section 25- Preparation of Existing Land use Map (ELU) • Section 26- Publication of Draft Development plan inviting suggestion & objection.

  11. Development plan as per MR & TP Act Various Steps • Section 28- Appointment of Planning Committee • Section 29- Republication if changes are major • Section 30- Submission • Section 31- Sanction by Government

  12. Development plan as per MR & TP Act Certain facts • Less implementation a) resistance- interpersonal inequities b) paucity of funds • Suggestions / Objection- deletion of reservation • Passive public participation • Secrecy in preparation of plan • Sense of belonging absent

  13. Planning exercise using Land pooling Technique • Avoidance of inter- personal inequities • Percentage loss Technique • Permitting full FSI on balance land • Micro planning • Involvement of stakeholders • Effective public participation • Pooling of land

  14. Planning exercise using Land pooling Technique • Flexibility at both ends – planning Authority and land owners • Incentive - Additional FSI - Reduction of property tax - concessions in Development Charges • Acquisition as per L.A. Act / M.R.T.P. Act for non-participants

  15. LEVELS OF PLANNING • REGIONAL PLANS MACRO LEVEL • DEVELOPMENT PLANS MIDDLE LEVEL • TOWN PLANNING SCHEMES MICROLEVEL

  16. IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAN POSITIVE RESRICTIVE PLANNING PLANNING LAND TOWN ZONING DEVELOPMENT ACQN. PLANNING CONTROL SCHEMES

  17. CONCEPT OF TOWN PLANNING SCHEME • THE ENTIRE AREA UNDER THE SCHEME IS NOTIONALLY POOLED TOGETHER. • THE TOTAL AREA OF LAND REQUIRED FOR PUBLIC PURPOSES AND ROAD NETWORK IS CALCULATED. • LAND AREA REQUIRED IS DEDUCTED FROM THE HOLDINGS OF ALL OWNERS ON PRO–RATA, IN EQUAL %.

  18. CONCEPT (CONTD.) • PROVISION OF SUITABLE ACCESS. • PROPER ROAD NETWORK. • IMPROVED AND REGULAR SHAPED FINAL PLOTS. • PROVISION OF REQUIRED AMENITIES AND FACILITIES. • IMPLEMENTATION OF SANCTIONED DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROPOSALS.

  19. SPECIALITIES • INDIVIDUAL OWNERS OF ALL INTERESTS GIVEN PERSONAL HEARING WHILE FINALISING THE TOWN PLANNING SCHEME. • PROVISION OF APPEAL TO THE TRIBUNAL TO REDRESS THE GRIEVANCE, IF ANY.

  20. RATIONALE OF INCREAMENTALCONTRIBUTION • Usually the land prices appreciate, not because of any improvements done by the owner, but because of the developments undertaken by the society at large. It is, therefore, only proper that part of the increase is returned to the society. This can help the society to recoup part of the expenditure incurred on the development, thereby carry out further developments.

  21. FUNCTIONS OF THE ARBITRATOR THE ARBITRATOR HAS TO: • A] TECHNICAL: -ALLOCATE AND DEMARCATE AND DECIDE THE AREAS TO BE RESERVED FOR VARIOUS PUBLIC PURPOSES. - FINALISE THE GENERAL ROAD PATTERN. - DEMARCATE & DECIDE THE AREAS OF INDIVIDUAL FINAL PLOTS. - DECIDE THE OWNERSHIP OF THE PERSONS TO WHOM FINAL PLOT IS ALLOTTED. IF THE PLOT IS IN COMMON OWNERSHIP, THEN DECIDE THE SHARE.

  22. FUNCTIONS (CONTD.) • B] FINANCIAL: - ESTIMATE THE VALUES OF THE ORIGINAL & FINAL PLOTS. - DETERMINE THE CONTRIBUTION TO BE LEVIED ON EACH PLOT ALLOTTED OR RESERVED FOR PUBLIC PURPOSE, TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION WHETHER THE SAME IS FULLY BENEFICIAL TO THE SCHEME OR PARTIALLY BENEFICIAL TO THE SCHEME. - DECIDE THE EXCEMPTIONS, IF ANY, IN PAYMENT OF INCREAMENTAL CONTRIBUTION TO INSTITUTIONS LIKE CHARITABLE TRUSTS. - CALCULATE THE INCREMENT(%) IN RESPECT OF FINAL PLOTS INCLUDED IN THE SCHEME AND DECIDE THE INCREAMENTAL CONTRIBUTION TO BE LEVIED ON EACH FINAL PLOT.

  23. FUNCTIONS (CONTD.) - DECIDE THE TRANSFER OF RIGHTS FROM ORIGINAL PLOT TO FINAL PL0T. - DECIDE THE INTREST OF THE LESSOR OR THE LESSEE OR MORTGAGEE IN REGARD TO THEIR INTREST. - DECIDE THE MATTERS ARISING OUT OF THE PROPOSAL WHERE THE PROPERTY IS INJURIOUSLY AFFECTED DUE TO PROPOSALS OF THE SCHEME. - DECIDE THE PERIOD DURING WHICH TIME THE LOCAL AUTHORITY SHALL COMPLETE THE WORKS CONTEMPLATED IN THE SCHEME.

  24. THANK YOU

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