Sustainable Water and Sanitation Solutions for Hope Integrated Academy, Uganda

1. 507-D Pre Implementation Report Water and Sanitation for Hope Integrated Academy Mulobere, Uganda March 24th, 2008 University of Minnesota Chapter

2. Introduction • Location – rural village 40 km south of Masaka, Uganda • Community of 2000 where 19% of the children are orphans • Partnership – Uganda Rural Fund • All volunteer 501(c)3 non profit started in 2005 to provide education and support for disadvantaged children, AIDs orphans, and marginalized communities throughout Uganda

3. The School • Uganda Rural Fund is building the Hope Integrated Academy • This school is designed to provide young people and adults with education and technical skills as a primary school, vocational school, community library, community center; and health clinic • Currently a after school program for 200 children • Future development will provide housing for 300 AIDS orphans and teach 200 children and adults from the community for a total of 500 students.

4. Current and Future Layout Buildings Currently On Property

5. The Need • Nearby water sources are turbid contain bacteria and fluctuate with the season. • School must have a clean sustainable water source for both students and staff • School currently uses two pit latrines which are neither sustainable or hygienic • The school will need a more hygienic and sustainable sanitation system

6. The solution • Rainwater harvesting to provide water for the after school students and staff • Ecological sanitation system with dry composting to provide a sustainable and hygenic solution • Assessment of possible deep well groundwater source with the expansion of the school

7. Why Rainwater System ? • Meeting with Government water agency during assessment revealed a 20% success rate for finding groundwater with know hydrogeology. • The active shallow well near the school dries up during the dry season • A deep well would be required costing $12,000 with less than 20% success rate • School is currently only in use for after school program • Need a reliable water source • Future expansion could include a well

8. Water Storage • Capacity for next two years – 250 after school children • Usage – 5 L/day • Size estimate 100,000 L Table 2: Tank storage calculations

9. Storage Tanks

11. Gutter System

13. Gutter Attachments • Attach fascia to roof structure. • Attach gutters to fascia

14. Primary Water Treatment • Screens on gutters for large particle removal • First Flush system at all down spouts for initial cleaning of roof surface. • Divert 7.6 L per 9.6 m2 • Using 6’ PVC pipe = 1.75 m of pipe. • During tests if floating system fails system without a plug will be used

15. Secondary Water Treatment • Common practice in Uganda is to boil all water • Other treatments include rapid sand filtration, slow sand filtration, SODIS, porous clay filter, UV, and chlorination • Possibilities • Inline chlorination • UV treatment • Still trying to locate chlorination tablets or UV bulbs in country

16. System overview

17. Sanitation Ecological Dehydrating Toilets via urine-diversion

18. System Components • Elevated masonry structure • Urine diverting toilets and urinals • Solid waste temporary collection below toilets • Solid waste long-term storage in rear • Movable collection containers • Solid waste dehydrating/reuse with addition of ash • Vent pipes for air flow • Septic tank/filter and leaching field • Rainwater collection and hand washing station • Composting education, hygiene education

19. System Design: Solid Waste • 250 day students users, 15 live in teachers • Density of feces: 1000kg/m3 (assumed fully saturated at all times)

20. System Design: Solid Waste Handling

21. System Design: Liquid Waste and Waste Application Trench Sizing Calculations: 320 L = 85 gallons 85 gal * 4.2 ft2 (0.39 m2) trench bottom/gal * 0.6 (depth reduction factor) = 215 ft2 = 20 m2 215 ft2 / 3 ft wide = 72 ft long = 24 m

22. System Design: Storage and Rain Collection • Storage Area Sizing • 1. To the storage area required, add an extra 40% for maneuvering. • 2. 43 containers * 0.3025 m2/container area = 13.0 m2 • 3. 13.0 m2 * 140% = 18.2 m2 needed for total storage area • 4. There is room for 2 containers in each collection area allowing interior storage so 3.63 m2 inside total; thus, exterior storage area must be 18.2 m2 – 3.63 m2 =14.6 m2 • 5. For school growth and safety factor, use 2 times more = 14.6 m2 x 2 m2 = 29.2 m2 • 6. Resulting storage area (dimensions: 8 m wide x 4 m deep) = 32 m2 > 29.2 m2 • (Note: Width includes roof over hand washing area) • (Note: Controlling factor collection area size was space needed to use each toilet) • Rainwater Collection • 1. Horizontal roof area = 44 m2 • 2. Seasonal collection volume = 0.5 m rain/season * 44 m2= 22 m3 volume possible • 3. Tank size = 10,000 L (polytank or Ferro cement tank) = 10 m3 (and 10000 kg) • 4. Water per person per day = 20 m3/year*1 year/365 days * 1 day/265 daily users = .21 L /day per user • 5. If have 20,000 L storage, allows 0.42 L/day per user

23. Sanitation System Reflection • Benefits • Prevents disease • Protects environment • Minimizes Odor • Maintainable and Convenient • Returns nutrients to Earth • 250 Children, 15 Adults • Potential Concerns - Solutions • Cultural acceptance of waste reuse – Education/Provision of benefits • Misuse of diversion toilet - Education/Provision of benefits • Undesirability of handling feces - Education/Provision of benefits • Supply of Ash – Children bring from home, school provides • Overuse of system – Removable containers allow flexibility in number of users • Post-dehydrating handling options – burying, burning, agricultural use

24. Rainwater Budget

25. Sanitation Budget

26. Total Budget and Future Work • Total cost = 24,900 • Assessment for future work • Groundwater well • Get hydrogeology of area complete • Secondary treatment • Locate possible UV light bulbs or chlorination tablets