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The Computer System

The Computer System. http://www.sleekcom.com/images/computer%20system.jpg. Buying a Personal Computer. iMac Dell PC Desktop. The Computer System. Programmable machine that receives, stores, and processes data and outputs information. Composed of Hardware and Software

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The Computer System

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  1. The Computer System http://www.sleekcom.com/images/computer%20system.jpg

  2. Buying a Personal Computer • iMac • Dell PC Desktop

  3. The Computer System Programmable machine that receives, stores, and processes data and outputs information. Composed of Hardware and Software Hardware describes the physical components of a computer system Software is the set of instructions or programs that determines how the computer is to operate

  4. The Computer • Mixture of silicon, metal, plastic, tiny electronic circuits and cables that all work together to create icons and menus seen on the desktop • Microcomputers/Personal Computers PC iMac Macintosh G5

  5. Computers Mainframes – took up huge amounts of space Computer Operator sitting at the IBM360 Mainframe Computer 1970-1980s The ENIAC. The original vacuum Tube computer.

  6. Computers Minicomputers DEC PDP 11 Other Minicomputer manufacturers of the 1980s and 1990s Wang, Prime, Data General, IBM AS400

  7. Computer System

  8. Input Devices

  9. Input - Definition • Information entering the computer • text, graphics, sound, video

  10. Input-Only Devices Adaptive Device Voice Recognition Text Telephones (TTY) • keyboard/function keys/10 key pad • Mouse • optical scanner • voice input • touch sensitive display • graphics tablet • camera (digital, camcorder) • MIDI input device Joystick

  11. Keyboard terms Modifier Key • Control Key on the PC • Command Key on the MAC Other Helpful “shortcut” keys: • Mac • Option + Command + Esc to force quit programs. • F9 / F11 / Command + Tab (change between programs) • PC • Ctrl + Alt + Delete • Alt + Tab (change between programs)

  12. Output Devices

  13. Output definition & Devices Information leaving the computer • Monitor – main output unit • Speaker • Plotter Adaptive Device Braille Writer 17” TV/LCD monitor LCD Projector LCD= Liquid Crystal Display

  14. Output Devices Printers • dot matrix – form characters by pressing needles against a carbon ribbon (old technology) • ink jet – spray ink drops in the shape of letters at the page • laser printer – shoots a laser-generated light beam at a rotating drum • Letter quality

  15. More terms Pixel (from "picture element"): the smallest unit of an image, one of the colored dots that make up a screen picture. A typical VGA screen has a resolution of 1024 pixels (screen width) by 768 pixels (screen height). Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)light sensitive material encased between two pieces of glass and projects images on to a screen

  16. Storage (or Secondary Storage)

  17. Storage (or Secondary Storage) Disks stores digits as bytes • Bit = “0” or “1” • Bytes = 8 bits • 8 bits is a string of 0s and 1s • A = 01000001, B=01000010 • Converted to ASCII ASCII – Describes a code consisting of 256 characters and represents ordinary text as a stream of binary numbers. Binary is the number system with which the computer counts

  18. Storage (or Secondary Storage) Data is stored is terms of bytes: • Kilobytes (1k)= 1024 bytes (one thousand bytes) • Megabyte = 1,024 Kilobytes (one million bytes) • Gigabyte = 1024 Megabytes (one billion bytes) • Terrabyte = 1024 Gigabytes (one trillion bytes) A floppy disk (1.4 MB) store about 350 pages of data A DVD (4.7GB) will store around 277,000 pages of data

  19. Storage (or Secondary Storage)

  20. What will it hold?

  21. Storage (or Secondary Storage) • Store data permanently for future use • Input/Output Devices- read and write data • Floppy Disks • CD-ROM/RW disks • Removable storage devices Hard Disk “Flash drives” or “Thumb drives” 1 gb - 32 gb Up to 1GB 20GB

  22. Storage - Floppy Floppy • Magnetic Storage Medium • The read/write head is electromagnetic Formatting • Defines tracks, sectors and clusters on the disk • Files are not stored next to each other, even parts of files are not stored next to each other. • The formatting on the disk keeps track of sectors and files in those sectors. • Wears out over time because the head touches the disk when it reads and writes

  23. Floppy Disk • Holds 1.4 mb • Resume is 30K • Will hold 4667 papers

  24. Zip Drive • 100 mb - 250 mb

  25. Storage – Flash Storage Flash Storage • A solid state storage device • used for easy and fast information storage in computers, digital cameras and home video game consoles. • It is used more like a hard drive than as RAM. • Storage capacities into Gigabytes

  26. Flash Drive • 128 mb - 8 gb • iPod Nano like

  27. Flash Card • 512 mb - 2 gb • iPod Nano like

  28. Storage – Hard Disk Hard Disk or Hard Drive • Contains aluminum platters • Both sides coated with magnetic material • Most permanent, fastest mechanical storage device available (7200rpm) • Read/write head does not touch the disk • Storage capacities into Gigabytes and Terrabytes External Internal

  29. Travel Drive V1 • 1 gb - 4 gb • 1 inch platter(iPod like)

  30. Travel Drive v2 • 40 gb - 120 gb • 2.5 inch platter

  31. Internal Hard Drive • 250 gb – 1 tb • 3.5 inch platter

  32. External Hard Drive • 400 gb - 2 TB

  33. Storage – Optical Storage CD-R/RW • 700-800MB (Read/Write) DVD-R/RW • 4.6GB single layer • 8.5GB dual layer • Information pits are burned into the CD or DVDby an intense laser beam

  34. DVD+/-R • Single: 4.5 gb • Dual: 8.5 gb

  35. CD ROM • CD-R • CD-R/W • 650 mb -700 mb

  36. “The Computer”

  37. The Computer Motherboard –Central Component Contains the Microchips • ROM – Read Only Memory • RAM – Random Access Memory • CPU- Central Processing Unit • Sound, networking and peripheral control circuits

  38. Computer Memory Chips Memory (or Primary Storage) ROM – Read Only Memory • Information in ROM remains when computer is shut down • Information created by manufacturer • Cannot be altered by user • Contains disk access routines, etc RAM – Random Access Memory or MEMORY • Store programs and data when you run a program from disk • When computer is shut down, information is lost from RAM PC2100 DDR RAM

  39. ROM: Read Only Memory • "built-in" computer memory containing data that normally can only be read, not written to • contains the programming that allows your computer to be "booted up" etc. • data not lost when the computer power is turned off • sustained by a small long-life battery in your computer.

  40. RAM: Random Access Memory • place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are held • data in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running • can be compared to a person's short-term memory and the hard disk to the long-term memory

  41. DIMM: Dual Inline Memory Module • a module containing one or several random access memory ( RAM ) chips on a small circuit board with pins that connect it to the computer motherboard • has a 168-pin connector and supports 64-bit data transfer

  42. Computer Processing Unit (CPU) • On a chip called the Microprocessor • Controls all of the activities performed by the computer • Sometimes just called processor • Two basic components: • Control Unit – responds to instructions provided by a program • Arithmetic Unit – performs high speed calculations

  43. Peripherals • Devices connected to a computer • Input, Output or Storage Devices • Interface Cards • Responsible for communication between the computer and each of the peripherals Expansion Slots - locations in the computer when you can add interface cards to add additional devices to your computer

  44. “Communication”

  45. Communication Local Area Network

  46. Connections: USB • USB – Universal Serial Bus • Defines cables, connectors, Communication protocols • Used for connection, communication and power supply between computers and electronic devices. • Different shaped connectors

  47. Connections: Firewire • Firewire – IEEE 1394 interface • high-speed communications and real-time data transfer • Commonly used for connection of data storage devices and DV (digital video) cameras. • Different shaped connectors – and now Thunderbolt?

  48. Communication - Historical • Dial-up (Telephone) • Modem – modulator/demodulator • Measured in Baud rate – a measure of speed • Modem speeds are 28.8k, 56K, 128k

  49. Communication: Ethernet (Wired) • Networking standard of hardware and software protocol that permit devices to communicate electronically • Up to 100 millions bits per second • Protocol – a way of being or communicating • Computers use the TCP/IP protocol • Telecommunication Communication Protocol/Internet Protocol • 10/100/1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet • RJ-45 connector

  50. Communication: Wireless • Wi-Fi • 802.11n Wi-Fi wireless networking; • 3 IEEE 802.11a/b/g compatible • Bluetooth • Bluetooth 4.0 wireless technology • USB connection • Must be within range of a cable modem or hub router

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