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Explore the transformation of urban life in America, from education development to entertainment evolution, showcasing changes in literature, parks, sports, and music during this dynamic period.
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Education • Few children had access to education. • More and more states used compulsory education laws requiring parents to send children to school. • John Dewey believed that schools should teach more than reading, writing, and arithmetic. • Others wanted to stress behavior, civic loyalty, and American culture values. • They hoped that this would help keep order in the cities.
Education…continued • Schools were segregated. • African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics were poorly equipped. • However, women were being educated. • Colleges were popping up during this period; however, they were only available to the wealthy.
Publishing • Literacy lead to a surge in print media. Newspapers became the primary source of information. • A new kind of paper allowed publishers to print a huge volume of newspapers. • Newspapers competed for readers. • Joseph Pulitzer’s World, William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal • Had comic strips, advice columns, sports and women’s sections.
Literature • Dime and nickel novels • Erastus Beadle- Deadly Eye, Spitfire Saul, the King and the Rustlers. • Edith Wharton- The House of Mirth • William Dean Howell- Rise of Silas Lapham • The most successful were those that focused on Christian principals. • Charles Sheldon: In His Steps (WWJD)
Leisure in Urban Parks • Leisure activities provided relief from busy city life. • Frederick Olmstead designed Central Park in NYC. He wanted to make a rural setting in the city. • City Beautiful Movement: stressed the importance of including public parks and attractive boulevards in the design of cities. • Riding bikes and playing croquet became popular.
Baseball • evolved from the British game called rounders and first became popular during the Civil War with clubs like the New York Knickerbockers. • Aaron Champion organized the first professional baseball team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings. • William Hulbert established the National League in 1876. • First World Series was held between the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Boston Pilgrims or Red Sox. • The “national game of the United States.” • African Americans were not allowed to play.
Football • Developed in the late 1800s on the college campuses of upper-class New England schools. • Walter Camp established many of its rules. • Many objected to its violent nature; Congress considered outlawing it. They changed some rules.
Basketball • First played by students. • James Naismith, a P.E. teacher in Massachusetts, attempted to find a sport to that could entertain a group of unruly students during the winter. • One of the few sports that women were welcome.
Entertainment • Theater • William Shakespeare's plays • Edwin Booth was a very famous actor. • Vaudeville: the French word for “light play”, was a type of variety show that featured a wide selection of short performances. • Animal acts, comics, famous impersonations, jugglers, magicians, singers, and skits.
Ragtime • A new form of music created by African American musicians. • It varied radically from the traditional Victorian waltzes and marches popular earlier that century. • Ragtime pianists played a stomping or driving rhythm. • Scott Joplin was the King of Ragtime. • “Maple Leaf Rag” • Ragtime songs were known as “rags.”
