Bribery and Business Ethics

New Horizon College English Unit 6 : Section A Bribery and Business Ethics 新视野

Pre-reading Activities Text Analysis Main idea and Structure Expressions & Patterns Summary How to apply to our real life the typical expressions and patterns taken from the text Blank filling Exercises Writing All the exercises for Section A 议论文与说明文写作技巧

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure New Words & Text Main Idea & Structure Main Idea New Words Structure Text Main Idea of Each Part Part Ⅰ Part Ⅱ Part Ⅲ

New Words Back • in practice • accuse of • in private • a fact of life • consist of • in support of • under investigation • throw out • close a deal • speed up • New Words • bribe • bribery • ethics • Phrases and • Expressions • on the increase • a way of life • pay up • stand by 下一页

New Words Back • U.S. Securities • and Exchange • Commission • Chile • Iran • Caribbean • International • Chamber of • Commerce (ICC) • hit upon / on • distinguish between • amount to • behave oneself • be caught in • on the take • square… with • Proper Names • Switzerland • Chrysler Corporation 上一页

Text Back Bribery and Business Ethics Para. 1 Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that classes on business ethics have been included in their schedule. They often do not realize that bribery in various forms is ontheincreasein many countries and, in some, has been awayoflife for centuries. 下一页

Back Para. 2Suppose that during a negotiation with some government officials, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid “procedural delays”, as he puts it. Now, the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles? 上一页下一页

Back Para. 3aIt is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, inpractice, what would one really do in such a situation? Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accusedof operating a fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated commission, offering additional discounts, and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. (To be continued) 上一页下一页

Back Para. 3b(To continue)The company rejected these charges and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at that time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say inprivate: “Look, we’re in a very competitive business. Every year we’re selling more than a ￡1,000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million pounds to keep some of the buyers happy, who’s hurt? If we didn’t do it, someone else would.” 上一页下一页

Back Para. 4a It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become afactof commercial life. To take just one example, the ChryslerCorporation, third largest of the U.S. car manufacturers, revealed that it made questionable payments of more than $2.5 million between 1971 and 1976. (To be continued) 上一页下一页

Back Para. 4b (To continue)By announcing this, it joined more than 300 other U.S. companies that had admitted to the U.S. SecuritiesandExchangeCommission that they had made payments of one kind or another — bribes, extra discounts, etc. — in recent years. For discussion purposes, we can divide these payments into three broad categories. 上一页下一页

Back Para. 5 The first category consistsof substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts. For example, one U.S. corporation offered a large sum of money insupportof a U.S. presidential candidate at a time when the company was underinvestigationfor possible violations of U.S. business laws. This same company, it was revealed, was ready to finance secret U.S. efforts tothrowout the government of Chile. 上一页下一页

Back Para. 6 In this category, we may also include large payments made to ruling families or their close advisers in order to secure arms sales or major petroleum or construction contracts. In a court case involving an arms deal with Iran, a witness claimed that ￡1 million had been paid by a British company to a “negotiator” who helped closeadeal for the supply of tanks and other military equipment to that country. Other countries have also been known to put pressure on foreign companies to make donations to party bank accounts. 上一页下一页

Back Para. 7aThe second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project, to speedup the wheels of government. An interesting example of this kind of payment is provided by the story of a sales manager who had been trying for some months to sell road machinery to the Minister of Works of a Caribbean country. Finally, he hitupon the answer. (To be continued) 上一页下一页

Back Para. 7b (To continue)Discovering that the minister collected rare books, he bought a rare edition of a book, slipped $20,000 within its pages, then presented it to the minister. This man examined its contents, then said: “I understand there is a two-volume edition of this work.” The sales manager, who was quick-witted, replied: “My company cannot afford a two-volume edition, sir, but we could offer you a copy with a preface!” A short time later, the deal was approved. 上一页下一页

Back Para. 8 The third category involves payments made in countries where it is traditional to pay people to help with the passage of a business deal. Some Middle East countries would be included on this list, as well as certain Asian countries. 上一页下一页

Back Para. 9 Is it possible to devise a code of rules for companies that would prohibit bribery in all its forms? The InternationalChamberofCommerce (ICC) favors a code of conduct that would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. This code would try to distinguishbetween commissions paid for real services and exaggerated fees that really amounttobribes. A council has been proposed to manage the code. 上一页下一页

Back Para. 10Unfortunately, opinions differ among members of the ICC concerning how to enforce the code. The British members would like the system to have enough legal power to make companies behavethemselves. However, the French delegates think it is the business of governments to make and impose law; the job of a business community like the ICC is to say what is right and wrong, but not to impose anything. 上一页下一页

Back Para. 11In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that “industry iscaughtin a web of bribery” and that everyone is “onthetake”. This is probably an exaggeration. However, today’s businessman, selling in overseas markets, will frequently meet situations where it is difficult to square his business interests with his moral conscience. 上一页

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure What is the text mainly about? Back Bribery in various forms is on the increase and has become a fact of commercial life. On the whole, the bribery can fall into three categories: for political purposes or to secure major contracts; to obtain quicker official approval of some projects; and to obtain help with the passage of a business deal. To ban bribery, ICC favors a code of conduct. However, the ICC members are of different opinions. The headache is still there to stay in business.

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure How is the text organized? For details Back The passage is broadly put into three parts: bribery has become a common occurrence in many countries, three main categories of bribery, and the efforts to ban bribery and the result. The whole passage is organized in problem-solution pattern. In the first part, the phenomenon (the problem) is described; in the second, the questionable payments are analyzed; and in the third, the efforts for solution and the result are presented. 下一页

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure Back The illustration of the problem (Paras. 1-4) ICC is to set up a code of conduct that would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. And a council has been proposed to manage the code. However, opinions differ among the members of ICC. Bribery seems inevitable. Questionable payments can be divided into three categories: 1. Those for political purposes or to secure major contracts; 2. Those for obtaining quicker official approval of some projects; 3. Those for help with the passage of a business deal. Bribery is a common occurrence in many countries. The phenomenon is introduced by “classes on business ethics”, and exemplified by two examples: a British car manufacturer and the Chrysler Corporation. The analysis of the problem (Paras. 5-8) The solution of the problem (Paras. 9-11)

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure Part I (Paras. 1-4) Part II Part III For details Back Main idea? Bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase in many countries. They seem to be based not on lack of business ethics but on business interests. Devices for developing it? Exemplification(举例法)

For details Back The author’s viewpoint in Para. 4: Bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. The examples in support: The Chrysler Corporation revealed that it made questionable payments of more than $2.5 million between 1971 and 1976. Three hundred other U.S. companies had admitted that they had made payments of one kind or another in recent years. The author’s viewpoint in Para. 3: Sticking to high moral standards is easier said than done. The examples in support: A British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes and of other questionable practices. People in the motor industry held that if they didn’t bribe to keep the buyers happy, someone else would. Exemplification is employed in the third and the forth paragraph to make the author’s viewpoint convincing. 返回

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure Part I Part II (Paras. 5-8) Part III For details Back Main idea? The questionable payments are divided into three categories: payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts; to obtain quicker official approval; and made to people who help with the passage of a business deal. Devices for developing it? Listing (列举法)

Back For details Para. 5The first category consists of… Para. 7The second category covers… Para. 8The third category involves… Listing is employed in this part to list three categories of questionable payments. 返回

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure Part I Part II Part III (Paras. 9-11) For details Back Main idea? To ban bribery, a code of conduct is favored by ICC, and even a council was proposed to manage it. But, its members are of different opinions. Anyway, bribery seems inevitable. Devices for developing it? Deduction (演绎法)

For details Back General statement: Unfortunately, opinions differ among members of the ICC concerning how to enforce the code. (L. 61) Specific descriptions: TheBritish members would like the system to have enough legal power to make companies behave themselves. However, the French delegates think it is the business of governments to make and impose law. … In this part, deduction is employed to show that members of ICC have different ideas as to the enforcement of the code. 返回

III.Expressions & Patterns B. Patterns for you to use as models A. Expressions • on the increase • to make it clear to sb. that… • to stand by one’s principles • to have high moral standards • in private • for discussion/ political purposes>>more • Typical patterns for sb.’s reaction to sth. • Typical patterns for exemplification • >>more

III.Expressions & Patterns Back • under investigation • for possible violations of business laws • to finance sb.’s efforts to do sth. • to secure major construction contracts • to put pressure/undue stress on… • to make donations/ payments to sb. • to speed up the wheels of… • to hit upon/on the answer/solution • to slip sth. into/within… • to be included on the list • to devise a code of rules • to prohibit bribery in various/all its forms • to amount to • to square one’s interests with his moral conscience

III.Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 1. 在增长中 • on the increase (L. 3) 活学活用在中国，拥有私车的人数不断增长。 The number of people who own private cars are on the increase in China. 下一页上一页

III.Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 2. 明确向某人表示；明确告知某人 • to make it clear to sb. that… (L. 6) 活学活用信息技术对社会的巨大影响表明我们正生活在信息时代。 The immense influence of IT on our society makes it clear that we are living in the Information Age. 下一页上一页

III.Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 3. 坚持原则 • to stand by one’s principles (L. 8) 活学活用为人诚实、信守诺言会赢得别人的信任与尊重。 It brings one trust and respect from others to practice honesty and stand by his promises. 下一页上一页

III.Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 4. 有高尚的道德标准 • to have high moral standards (L. 9) 活学活用大学生活应以提高学生的学术和道德水平为中心。 The college life should be centered around raising students’ academic and moral standards. 下一页上一页

III.Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 5. 私下里；秘密地；在私生活里；在家里 • in private (L. 15) 活学活用在公开场合他是个彬彬有礼的绅士，但在私下里却是个放荡不羁的人。 He is a gentleman of refinement in public but a man of easy virtue in private. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 6. 为方便讨论起见/为了政治目的 • for discussion/political purposes (L. 30/32) 活学活用一个社会再自由开放也决不容许一些人为了险恶目的而胡作非为。 A society, no matter how free and open it is, never allows some people to commit all kinds of outrages for evil purposes. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 7. 正在调查中 • under investigation (L. 34) 活学活用对这场袭击前后的情报工作的全面的司法调查正在进行中。 A full-scale judicial investigation is under way into the intelligence work around this attack. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 8. 因可能触犯商业法规 • for possible violations of business laws(L. 35) 活学活用微软公司被指控违反反垄断法。 The Microsoft Corporation was charged with violations of anti-monopoly laws. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 9. 资助某人做某事 • to finance sb.’s efforts to do sth. (L. 36) 活学活用他们正同心协力去创造航天技术的新奇迹。 They are combining their efforts to work new wonders in space technology. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 10. 得到主要建筑合同 • to secure major construction contracts (L. 38) 活学活用 “吃一堑,长一智”的格言就是提醒你防止犯同样的错误。 The proverb “ a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit” reminds you to secure yourself from a repetition of the same mistakes. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 11. 给······ 施加压力/过分强调······ • to put pressure/undue stress on... (L. 41) 活学活用过分强调书本知识会削弱学生创造性思维的热情。 Putting undue stress on book knowledge will weaken students’ enthusiasm for creative thinking. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 12. 向某人捐款／汇款 • to make donations/payments to sb. (L. 42) 活学活用我们的钱应捐给那些受贫穷所困却很有天赋的孩子们。 Our donations should be made to those (who are) stuck in poverty but endowed with talents. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 13. 加快······速度 • to speed up the wheels/progress of… (L. 44) 活学活用加快教育改革速度的关键是更新教育理念。 The key to speeding up the wheels of educational reform is to renew conceptions of education. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 14. 想出了办法 • to hit upon/on the answer/solution (L. 46) 活学活用他突发奇想，想通过攀登珠穆朗玛峰而一举成名。 He hit upon a strange idea that he could become famous by climbing up Mount Everest. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 15. 暗中将某物塞入······ • to slip sth. into/within… (L. 47) 活学活用上课的时候，她悄悄塞到他手里一张纸条，上面写着：“老地方见，不见不散。” While in class, she slipped into his hand a piece of paper on which she wrote, “Let’s meet at the same place and not leave till we meet.” 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 16. 属于此类 • to be included on this list (L. 55) 活学活用你要么被划为清官,要么被划为贪官。没有中间地带。 You are either included on the list of the honest officials or on the list of the corrupt officials. There is no middle point. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 17. 设计一套法规 • to devise a code of rules (L. 56) 活学活用社会道德准则是根据一个社会对于正确与错误行为所持的观念制定的。 A code of social morality is established in accordance with the notions of right and wrong conduct held by a society. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 18. 禁止各种类型的贿赂 • to prohibit bribery in various forms/in all its forms (L. 3/56) 活学活用我们的当务之急是如何防止各种类型的智能犯罪。 The most pressing affair for us now is how to prevent intellectual crime in all its forms. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 19. 达到; 等于; 实际上是 • to amount to (L. 59) 活学活用如果一位女士对你说“再说吧”，那就等于拒绝了你。 If a lady says to you “Let’s talk about it later” , that amounts to her refusal. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns 返回课文 Back 20. 既确保自己的利益，又无愧道德良心 • to square one’s interests with his moral conscience (L. 68) 活学活用为人不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。 One who always squares his acts with his moral conscience never fears midnight knocks at his door. 下一页上一页

Bribery and Business Ethics

Bribery and Business Ethics

Presentation Transcript

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Business Ethics and Technology

Business Ethics and You

Personal and Business Ethics

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Business Ethics and Responsibilities

Ethics and International Business

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Business Law and Ethics

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