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Some English words of Russian origin

Some English words of Russian origin. Done by : Daniel Guzman . 古狄安 99305031. . Important facts. Many languages, including English, contain words most likely borrowed from the Russian language. Not all of the words are truly fluent Russian or Slavic origin. 

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Some English words of Russian origin

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  1. Some English words of Russian origin Done by: Daniel Guzman. 古狄安99305031.

  2. Importantfacts • Many languages, including English, contain words most likely borrowed from the Russian language. • Not all of the words are truly fluent Russian or Slavic origin.  • Some of them co-exist in other Slavic languages and it is difficult to decide whether they made English from Russian or, say, from Polish.

  3. Importantfacts • Some other words are borrowed or constructed from the classical ancient languages, such as Latin or Greek. • Still others are themselves borrowed from indigenous peoples that Russians have come into contact with in Russian or Soviet territory. • Compared to other source languages, very few of the words borrowed into English come from Russian.

  4. Historical data • Direct borrowing first began with contact between England and Russia in the 16th century and picked up heavily in the 20th century with the establishment of the Soviet Union as a major world power. • Most of them are used to denote things and notions specific to Russia, Russian culture, politics, history, especially well-known outside Russia. Some others are in mainstream usage, independent of any Russian context.

  5. 1. COSMONAUT 宇航員 • Russian: космона́вт (IPA [kəsmɐˈnaft] (κόσμος kosmos a Greekword, which in Russian stands for 'outerspace', ratherthan 'world' or 'universe', and nautes 'sailor', thus 'spacesailor'; thetermcosmonautwasfirstused in 1959; thenear similar word "cosmonautic" hadbeencoined in 1947) A Russianastronaut. Cosmodrome (byanalogywithaerodrome) wascoinedtoreferto a launchingsiteforRussianspacecraft.

  6. 2. KNOUT • (Russian: кнут [knut]) perhaps from Swedish knutpiska, a kind of whip, or Germanic origin Knute, Dutch Knoet, Anglo-Saxon cnotta, English knot) A whip formerly used as an instrument of punishment in Russia; the punishment inflicted by the knout.

  7. Knout

  8. 3. KREMLIN 克里姆林宮 • (Russian: Кремль [krʲɛmlʲ]) (Russian for "fortress", "citadel" or "castle") A citadel or fortified enclosure within a Russian town of city, especially the Kremlin of Moscow; (the Kremlin) Metonym for the government of the former USSR, and to a lesser of extent of Russian post- Soviet government.

  9. Kremlin

  10. 4. TAIGA (boreal forest) 泰加林 • (Russian: тайга́, originally from Mongolian or Altaic). The swampy, coniferous forests of high northern latitudes, especially referring to that between the tundra and the steppes of Siberia.

  11. 5. SABLE 黑貂 • (from Russian sobol – со́боль [ˈsobəlʲ] , ultimately from Persian samor) A carnivorous mammal of the Mustelidae family native to northern Europe and Asia.

  12. 6. MAMMOTH 猛獁象 • (Russian ма́монтmamont [ˈmamənt], from Yakut mamont, probably mama, "earth", perhaps from the notion that the animal burrowed in the ground) Any various large, hairy, extinct elephants of the genus Mammuthus, especially the Wooly Mammoth. 2. (adjective) Something of great size.

  13. 7. PELMENI (俄羅斯菜) • (Russianplural: пельме́ни, singular пельме́нь, pelmen′ fromUdmurt: пельнянь "ear[-formed] bread"). An Eastern Europeandumplingfilledwithmincedmeat, especiallybeef and pork, wrapped in thindough and boiled.

  14. Pelmeni

  15. 8. ROUBLE 盧布 • Ruble (Rouble) (From Russian ру́бльrubl [ˈrublʲ] , from Old Russian rubli "cut" or "piece", probably originally a piece cut from a silver ingot bar (grivna) from Russian рубить, rubiti meaning "to chop". Historically, "ruble" was a piece of a certain weight chopped off a silver ingot (grivna), hence the name. An alternate etymology may suggest the name comes from the Russian noun рубец, rubets, i.e., the seam that is left around the coin after casting: silver was added to the cast in two goes. Therefore the word ruble means "a cast with a seam".) The Russian unit of currency.

  16. 9. MATRYOSHKA 俄羅斯套 • Russian nested doll, stacking doll, Babushka doll, or Russian doll (Russian: матрёшка [mɐˈtrʲoʂkə]. A set of brightly colored wooden dolls of decreasing sizes placed one inside another. "Matryoshka" is a derivative of the Russian female first name "Matryona", which is traditionally associated with a corpulent, robust, rustic Russian woman.

  17. Matryoshka

  18. 10. VODKA 伏特加酒 • (Russian: во́дка [ˈvotkə]) (Russian diminutive of водаvoda "water") An alcoholic liquor distilled from fermented wheat mash, but now also made from a mash of rye, corn, or potatoes.

  19. 11. LENINISM 列寧主義 • Leninism (after Vladimir Lenin, the term was coined in 1918) The political, economic and social principals and practices of the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, especially his theory of government which formed the basis for Soviet communism.

  20. 12. STALINISM 斯大林 • Stalinism (Russian, the term Stalinism was first used in 1927; the term was not used by Stalin himself, as he considered himself a Marxist-Leninist). • (historical) The political, economic, and social principles and policies associated with Joseph Stalin during his rule (1924–1953) of the Soviet Union; especially the theory and practice of communism developed by Stalin which included rigid authoritarianism, widespread use of terror, and often emphasis on Russian nationalism. • Any rigid centralized authoritarian form of government or rule.

  21. 13. PERESTROIKA 重組改革 • (Russian: Перестро́йка) (Russian perestroika literally "restructuring", the term was first used in 1986) The reform of the political and economic system of the former Soviet Union, first proposed by Leonid Brezhnev at the 26th Communist Party Congress in 1979, and later actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985.

  22. REFERENCES • MUST SEE! RECOMMENDED!!! Soviet Union Propaganda Posters: http://funnytogo.com/pictures/ussr/propaganda-posters.htm • Interesting links: --Maps and Flags of Soviet Russiahttp://www.csimokat.com/Misc/SovietPresentation/AdminMap.html

  23. REFERENCES • List of words: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Russian_origin • Knout: http://reocities.com/TimesSquare/dungeon/1461/knout.htm • Kremlin: http://fundacioncambioclimatico.org/weaverville-kremlin-airless-spray-equipment/ • Google translator (English-Chinese中文)。

  24. REFERENCES • Taiga (boreal forest): In this link you can check a lot of coolinformation and picturesrelatedtodifferentkind of ecosystems, i youlikenatureis a MUSTSEE http://ncssmapes.wikispaces.com/Lucy+T2 • My ownknowlegde (nativelanguage).

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