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“Federico II” University, Naples Italy Division of Pediatric Surgery Chief: Prof Alessandro Settimi. Minimally Invasive Surgery In Pediatric Urology. Alessandro Settimi Ciro Esposito. MIS is an alternative approach to OPEN SURGERY. Instruments.
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“Federico II” University, Naples Italy Division of Pediatric Surgery Chief: Prof Alessandro Settimi Minimally Invasive Surgery In Pediatric Urology Alessandro Settimi Ciro Esposito
Laparoscopic Primary Pullthrough for Hirschsprung’s disease Aspetto Estetico LAPAROSCOPIA LAPAROTOMIA
Urinarytractpathologies • VUR • UPJO • MKDK • Non functioning Kidney • Duplex Kidney • Stones • Urachal cysts • Ureter pathology
Partial - Nephrectomy Indication • Non-functioning upper or lower pole secondary to complicated duplex anomalies of the kidney • The usual pathology of the upperpole is obstruction associated with a ureterocele or incontinence secondary to an ectopic ureter • The usual pathology in the lower pole is reflux
Partial Nephrectomy • Partial nephrectomy is technically more demanding than total nephrectomy • Currently, this procedure is performed using a retroperitoneal or transperitoneal approach. Lee RS et al: Pediatric retroperitoneal lap… J Urol 174: 702, 2005
Patient’s Position Position for a right Nephrectomy LATERAL POSITION A ballast is placed under the patient
Trocars 5mm 1: 10mm 2: 5mm 3: 5mm 4: 5mm 4 4
Step # 1 Stent positioning Incision of the lateral peritoneal fold
LPN personal Results • Operative time: 90 min (70 to 120) • Lenght of stay: 3-4 days • Conversions: 0
Laparoscopic transposition of lower pole crossing vessels in extrinsic uretero-pelvic junction (UPJO) obstruction in children
Background # 2 • A recent study demonstrated that 58% of older children with symptomatic PUJO had lower pole crossing vessels [ • The traditional management for lower pole vessels causing PUJO has been dismembered pyeloplasty • The Hellstrom procedure , in which crossing polar vessels are relocated, has been an option in adult urological practice
Clinical findings • Indication: abdominal pain presenting as Dietl’s crisis , UTI and rarely haematuria • Median age of presentation > 6 years • Absence of pre-natally detected hydronephrosis
Pre-operative work-up • Renal ultrasonography • Doppler ultrasound • Scintigraphy • MRI
Technique # 1 At laparoscopy the presence of a lower pole vessel is confirmed in the absence of a narrow PUJ The PUJ and the pelvis are adequately mobilised achieving easy displacement of vessels
Technique # 2 The ‘ shoe-shine ’ manoeuvre of the mobilised anterior pelvis behind the lower pole vessels confirms adequate availability of the pelvis to perform a loose wrap around the vessels
Technique # 3 Two or three interrupted sutures may be necessary to achieve an adequate tunnel within the anterior pelvic wall
Trocars 1: 10mm 2: 5mm 3: 5mm 4 4
Trocars 1: 10mm 2: 5mm 3: 5mm 4 4
Urachal Anomalies In Pediatric Patients
Background • Urachus is a 3-layered canal that connects the allantois to the fetal bladder. • Descent of the bladder in month 5 of development stretches the urachus, causing its lumen to obliterate and become the median umbilical ligament . • Occasionally this process may be incomplete and an epithelialized urachal canal may persist into adulthood.
Background # 2 • This leaves the potential for various urachal anomalies, including cysts, sinus tracts, diverticula and malignancies 1) vesicourachal diverticulum 2) urachal cyst 3) Umbilical-urachus sinus
Indication • Childrenwithurachalanomalies, in about60-70 % ofpatientshavesymptoms (umbilicaldrainage, hematuria, UTI, abdominalpain), • In the other30-40 %ofpatients the urachalanomalies are diagnosedincidentallyduringabdominalsurgeryperformedforanotherindication
LEVUR Laparoscopic Lich-Gregoir procedure In patients with VUR
VUR Techniques STING COHEN 70-85 % Success Rate 95 -98 % Day Surgery Hospitalisation 6-10 days No Pain +++++ Yes Ureteral Cath after No
LEVUR Laparoscopic Lich-Gregoir procedure
Trocars Position Optic 5mm 30° 3-mm trocars
LEVUR # 1 Ureter Isolation