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Operating System

Operating System. Part II: Introduction to the Unix Operating System ( The Evolution of Unix ). Introduction to the Unix Operating System. The Evolution of Unix Utilities and Shell Programming Systems Calls. The Evolution of Unix.

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Operating System

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  1. Operating System Part II: Introduction to the Unix Operating System (The Evolution of Unix)

  2. Introduction to the Unix Operating System • The Evolution of Unix • Utilities and Shell Programming • Systems Calls

  3. The Evolution of Unix • First version was developed by Ken Thompson (1969) being part of the Research Group in Bell Laboratories • Developed in PDP-7 (which was idle at that time) • Soon joined by Dennis Ritchie (worked on MULTICS)

  4. The Evolution of Unix • Thompson and Ritchie worked for so many years • Moved to PDP-11/20 for the second version • Third version: used C (developed in Bell Labs to support Unix) instead of assembly language

  5. The Evolution of Unix • Multiprogramming and other enhancements added when the system moved to PDP-11/45 and PDP-11/70 (both hardware support multiprogramming) • Version 6 (1976): first version distributed outside of Bell Labs

  6. The Evolution of Unix • Version 7 (1978) • Developed for the PDP-11/70 and Interdata 8/32 • Considered “ancestor” of most modern Unix systems • Also ported to VAX (appeared as 32V)

  7. The Evolution of Unix • Because of clean design of early Unix Systems • Led to Unix-based work at other computer science organizations • Rand, University of Illinois, Harvard, Purdue • University of California in Berkeley (most influential non-Bell, non-AT&T)

  8. The Evolution of Unix • 1978 • First Berkeley VAX Unix work (addition of virtual memory, demand paging, & page replacement to 32V • Bill Joy & Ozalp Babaoglu worked together to produce 3BSD (BSD - Berkeley Software Distributions) Unix • First implementation of such functionality • Allowed large programs to run in Unix

  9. The Evolution of Unix • Memory management work convinced DARPA (Dept. of Advanced Researched Projects Agency) to fund Berkeley • Develop standard system for government use

  10. The Evolution of Unix • Project led to release of 4BSD • Supported by notable people from Unix & networking community • One of the goals is provide networking for DARPA Internet networking protocols (TCP/IP)

  11. The Evolution of Unix • Release 4.2BSD • Possible to communicate among diverse network facilities (LANs, WANs) • Adopted features from contemporary O/S (new user interface -- C shell, new text editor -- vi, etc.) • Culmination of original Berkeley DARPA Unix project

  12. The Evolution of Unix • Release 4.2BSD (continued) • Reason for current popularity of mentioned protocols • 1984 -> 60 connected networks • 1993 -> 8,000 connected networks, 10 million users

  13. The Evolution of Unix • 1993 -> 4.4 BSD • last Berkeley release • includes x.25 networking, new file system organization, enhanced security, improved kernel structure • Berkeley stopped its research after this release

  14. The Evolution of Unix • Currently not limited to Bell, AT&T, Berkeley • Moved to many different computers • Sun Microsystems ported BSD to their workstations • DEC - Ultrix, OSF/1 • Microsoft Xenix; Windows/NT heavily influenced by Unix • Santa Cruz Operations - SCO Unix (PCs); Linux (Red Hat, Caldera, etc.)

  15. The Evolution of Unix • Many standardization projects for Unix environments • IEEE, ISO, ANSI, etc. • 1989: ANSI standardized C programming language (ANSI C)

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