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Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e

Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e. Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst. Variations in Individual and Group Behavior Domain. Social Psychology Chapter. Cross-Cultural Psychology. Module 36. Culture. Module 36: Cross-Cultural Psychology. Culture.

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Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e

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  1. Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst

  2. Variations in Individual and Group Behavior Domain

  3. Social Psychology Chapter

  4. Cross-Cultural Psychology Module 36

  5. Culture Module 36: Cross-Cultural Psychology

  6. Culture • System of subtle and obvious rules (shared beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors) established to ensure a group’s survival • The rules are passed from one generation to the next. • The “software of our minds” • Different from nationality, race, and ethnicity

  7. David Matsumoto (1959- ) • Psychologist and internationally known expert on the study of cross-cultural psychology

  8. Factors Influencing Culture • Matsumoto suggests four factors influence culture • Population density • Climate • Resources • Technology

  9. Population Density • Societies with higher population densities require more rules for maintaining social order.

  10. Climate • Climate has profound influence on life-styles.

  11. Resources • Abundance or lack of resources has an influence on how the people of the culture behave.

  12. Technology • Inventions influence the interactions of people.

  13. Individualism and Collectivism Module 36: Cross-Cultural Psychology

  14. Individualism • Cultural style that places personal goals or needs ahead of group goals or needs

  15. Collectivism • Cultural style that places group goals or needs ahead of personal goals or needs

  16. Individualism and Collectivism:Self-Concept Module 36: Cross-Cultural Psychology

  17. Self-Concept • One’s sense of self • Individualist cultures have an independent understanding of self • Are separate from others • Collectivist cultures have an interdependent understanding of self • Are connected with others

  18. Individualism and Collectivism:Motivation and Emotion Module 36: Cross-Cultural Psychology

  19. Achievement Motivation • The desire to excel • A product of one’s culture and cultural influences

  20. Motivation and Culture • Individualist cultures view motivation as an internal push and achievement as an individual triumph. • Collectivist cultures view the desire to achieve as emerging from a sense of indebtedness or obligation to the group.

  21. Cross-Cultural Research Module 36: Cross-Cultural Psychology

  22. Cross-Cultural Research • Research that tests hypotheses on many groups of people to understand whether principles apply across cultures

  23. Culture-Specific • Principles that are true only for people of a certain culture • Called culture-bound • Opposite of universal principles which are true of people of all cultures

  24. Cross-Cultural Research:Culture and Personality Module 36: Cross-Cultural Psychology

  25. Locus of Control • Person’s perception of the source of control over fate or what happens in life • Two types: • Internal locus of control • External locus of control

  26. Internal Locus of Control • Person’s perception that they control their fate through their behavior • Western cultures tend to have an internal locus of control.

  27. External Locus of Control • Person’s perception that their fate is controlled by external circumstances • Non-Western cultures tend to have an external locus of control.

  28. Cross-Cultural Research: Developmental Psychology Module 36: Cross-Cultural Psychology

  29. Socialization • Learning to become a member of a culture including behaviors the individual expects, and what is expected of the individual

  30. Cross-Cultural Research:Attachment Module 36: Cross-Cultural Psychology

  31. Secure Attachment • Parents in the United States value secure attachment with their children. • Some other cultures consider such attachment as spoiling the child.

  32. Ethnocentrism Module 36: Cross-Cultural Psychology

  33. Ethnocentrism • Tendency to view the world through your own cultural filters

  34. Goals of Flexible Ethnocentrism • Accepting that everyone is ethnocentric • Realizing that culture filters can distort reality • Realizing people of other cultures produce their own distortions of reality • Learning to deal with our emotions, and our judgments of morality and personality as a result of ethnocentrism

  35. The End

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