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Let’s Get Started!!

Explore the fascinating world of chemistry - from matter and measurements to the scientific method. Dive into key terms, conversions, precision, and separation techniques in this comprehensive guide. Get ready to uncover the elements of the universe!

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Let’s Get Started!!

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Let’s Get Started!! Chapter 1- start to finish

  2. CHEMISTRY • The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo • Wood burns • Plants grow • Iron rusts • Bread bakes • Human digestion

  3. The Scientific Method • State the problem • Make observations • Form a hypothesis • Perform an experiment • Make observations • Develop a Law • A summary of observed behavior • Develop a theory • An explanation of behavior • Continue to experiment • Modify theory as needed

  4. Important Terms • Matter • Anything that has mass and volume • Mass • Amount of matter in an object • The measure of the resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion • Volume • Amount of space an object occupies • Qualitative observations • Observations not requiring measurements • Quantitative observations • Observations requiring measurements

  5. Weight!?! • The force that gravity exerts • In chem (or in AP) all our measurements will be on earth (we hope!) so weight & mass are interchangeable.

  6. Volume?

  7. Mass Length Time Temp kg m s K Fundamental Units

  8. Electric current Amt of substance Luminous intensity A mol cd Fundamental Units

  9. Kilo deci centi milli 103 10-1 10-2 10-3 Prefixes Used in SI system

  10. micro nano 10-6 10-9 Prefixes Used in SI system

  11. Uncertainty of Measurement • Gold costs $5.75 for .01 g • Mass ring- 7.62 g • Dealer says- 8 g

  12. What’s the problem? • The decimal places are SIGNIFICANT!!

  13. Numbers are significant when… 1. They are NOT zero! 2. They are exact numbers • Conversions, pi, counted numbers

  14. Numbers are significant when… • Zeros 1. Captive zeros- YES 2. Leading zeros- NO 3. Trailing zeros- YES

  15. Multiply and Divide • Number of sig figs in answer is same as number with least number of sig figs

  16. Add and Subtract • Result has same number of decimal places as number with least decimal places in calculation

  17. 1056 1000 100.0 .00350 4 1 4 3 Number of Sig Figs?

  18. 2.002 X 3.42 X 5 = 703.2+34.223–21.45 = 34.2 X 25.3 + 1.332 = 30 716.0 866 Some Math…

  19. Play some darts…

  20. Precision • Degree of agreement among several measurements

  21. Accuracy • Degree of agreement of a particular value with the accepted value

  22. Error?? What error? • Random error • Equal chance of being high or low • Systematic error • Same direction each time

  23. Dimensional Analysis • UNIT FACTOR METHOD! • A student entered a 12.0 km run. How many miles is it?

  24. Temperature • Three scales • Fahrenheit • Celsius • Kelvin

  25. Density • Mass/Volume

  26. Classification of matter

  27. Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes • Physical Property • Characteristics that describe a substance • Physical Change • A change that does not affect the composition of the substance • Chemical Property • Characteristics that refer to the ability to form new substances • Chemical Change • A change which produces new substances

  28. Separation Techniques • Distillation • Filtration • Chromatography

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