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INSIGHTS INTO TUNNELLING

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INSIGHTS INTO TUNNELLING

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    1. INSIGHTS INTO TUNNELLING

    2. When to use Tunnelling Methods of Tunnelling Soft Ground Tunnelling Rock Tunnelling Shafts Risk Management Related Issues PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

    3. Tunnelling should only be used as a last resort when other options are impractical or unfeasible Surface Obstructions Cost No other way FACTORS AFFECTING THE USE OF TUNNELLING

    4. METHODS OF PROJECT DELIVERY Design-Tender When options are limited Design-Build When there are several varying schemes that will work Design-Build-Operate Design-Build-Operate-Finance

    6. TECHNOLOGIES Cut and Cover Jack and Bore Directional Drilling Pipe Ramming Microtunnelling Traditional Tunnelling

    7. TRADITIONAL TUNNELING METHODS Hand Mining Drill and Blast Tunnel Boring Machine Tunnel Digging Machine Pressurized Tunnels Road Headers

    8. HAND MINING Used for short Tunnels Methods of excavating include pneumatic spades and jackhammers

    9. DRILL AND BLAST

    10. TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

    11. TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

    12. TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

    13. TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

    14. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING Handmining Tunnel Boring Machine – TBM Tunnel Digging Machine – TDM Earth Pressure Balance Machine – EPB Air Pressure

    15. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING Handmining

    16. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING Handmining Tunnel Boring Machine – TBM Tunnel Digging Machine – TDM Earth Pressure Balance Machine – EPB Air Pressure

    17. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING Tunnel Boring Machine – TBM

    18. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING Handmining Tunnel Boring Machine – TBM Tunnel Digging Machine – TDM Earth Pressure Balance Machine – EPB Air Pressure

    19. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING Tunnel Digging Machine – TDM

    20. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING Handmining Tunnel Boring Machine – TBM Tunnel Digging Machine – TDM Earth Pressure Balance Machine – EPB Air Pressure

    21. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS Water Boulders Running Ground Inadequate support by ground Cover Methane gas pockets Ground loss All soft ground or all rock

    22. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS Water

    23. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS Water

    24. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS Water Boulders Running Ground Inadequate support by ground Cover Methane gas pockets Ground loss All soft ground or all rock

    25. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS Boulders

    26. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS Water Boulders Running Ground Inadequate support by ground Cover Methane gas pockets Ground loss All soft ground or all rock

    27. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS Running Ground

    28. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS Water Boulders Running Ground Inadequate support by ground Cover Methane gas pockets Ground loss All soft ground or all rock

    29. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS Ground loss

    30. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS Water Boulders Running Ground Inadequate support by ground Cover Methane gas pockets Ground loss All soft ground or all rock

    31. SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PROBLEMS All soft ground or all rock

    32. SOFT GROUND PRIMARY SUPPORT LINERS Rib & Lagging Steel Can Steel Liner Plate Segmental Precast Concrete Shotcrete

    33. SOFT GROUND PRIMARY SUPPORT LINERS Rib & Lagging

    34. SOFT GROUND PRIMARY SUPPORT LINERS Rib & Lagging Steel Can Steel Liner Plate Segmental Precast Concrete Shotcrete

    35. SOFT GROUND PRIMARY SUPPORT LINERS

    36. SOFT GROUND PRIMARY SUPPORT LINERS Rib & Lagging Steel Can Steel Liner Plate Segmental Precast Concrete Shotcrete

    37. SOFT GROUND PRIMARY SUPPORT LINERS

    38. SOFT GROUND PRIMARY SUPPORT LINERS Rib & Lagging Steel Can Steel Liner Plate Segmental Precast Concrete Shotcrete

    39. SOFT GROUND PRIMARY SUPPORT LINERS

    40. SOFT GROUND PRIMARY SUPPORT LINERS Rib & Lagging Steel Can Steel Liner Plate Segmental Precast Concrete Shotcrete

    41. SOFT GROUND PRIMARY SUPPORT LINERS

    42. ROCK TUNNELS Soft Rock – Shales Hard Rock – Granites

    43. ROCK TUNNELS Soft Rock – Shales

    44. ROCK TUNNELS Soft Rock – Shales

    45. ROCK TUNNELS Soft Rock – Shales Hard Rock – Granites

    46. ROCK TUNNELS Hard Rock – Granites

    47. ROCK TUNNELLING METHODS TBM Drill & Blast Road Headers

    48. ROCK TUNNELLING METHODS TBM

    49. ROCK TUNNELLING METHODS TBM Drill & Blast Road Headers

    50. ROCK TUNNELLING METHODS Drill & Blast

    51. ROCK TUNNELLING METHODS TBM Drill & Blast Road Headers

    52. ROCK TUNNELLING METHODS Road Headers

    53. ROCK SUPPORT METHODS Ribs & Rock Bolts Ribs & Wire Mesh

    54. ROCK SUPPORT METHODS Ribs & Rock Bolts

    55. ROCK SUPPORT METHODS Ribs & Rock Bolts Ribs & Wire Mesh

    56. ROCK SUPPORT METHODS

    57. ROCK SUPPORT METHODS

    58. Cast in place concrete Precast concrete pipe High strength polymer concrete (HOBAS) Steel Pipe Brick FINAL TUNNEL LINERS

    59. FINAL TUNNEL LINERS Cast in place concrete

    60. Cast in place concrete Precast concrete pipe High strength polymer concrete (HOBAS) Steel Pipe Brick FINAL TUNNEL LINERS

    61. FINAL TUNNEL LINERS

    62. Cast in place concrete Precast concrete pipe High strength polymer concrete (HOBAS) Steel Pipe Brick FINAL TUNNEL LINERS

    63. Cast in place concrete Precast concrete pipe High strength polymer concrete (HOBAS) Steel Pipe Brick FINAL TUNNEL LINERS

    64. Steel Pipe FINAL TUNNEL LINERS

    65. Cast in place concrete Precast concrete pipe High strength polymer concrete (HOBAS) Steel Pipe Brick FINAL TUNNEL LINERS

    66. FINAL TUNNEL LINERS Brick

    67. SHAFTS AND WORK AREAS

    68. SHAFTS AND WORK AREAS

    69. SHAFTS AND WORK AREAS

    70. SHAFTS AND WORK AREAS

    71. SHAFTS AND WORK AREAS

    72. SHAFTS AND WORK AREAS

    73. SHAFTS AND WORK AREAS

    74. SHAFTS AND WORK AREAS

    76. RISK MANAGEMENT The Complexity, cost scale, and long duration of tunnel and shaft construction often mean opportunities for disputes and claims.

    77. RISK MANAGEMENT Ways to reduce risk: A geotechnical baseline report Pre-qualification of bidders Sealing copies of tender estimates for later use in resolving claims A differing site conditions clause in the contract documents Mandatory Pre-Tender Meeting A defined dispute resolution process

    78. RISK MANAGEMENT The Geotechnical Baseline Report Contractual Statement Gives bidding contractors a level basis on which to estimate bids States conditions that are expected to exist with respect to ground quality, water Owner and contractor share the risk They know that costs for changed or unexpected conditions will be reimbursed by the Owner Reduces need for hidden contingency

    79. RISK MANAGEMENT Pre-qualification of bidders Eliminates bidders with insufficient experience or resources Request by the owner for submission of qualifications and experience Only the top scoring contractors will be invited to bid. Can reduce the risk of poor performance by the contractor

    80. RISK MANAGEMENT Sealing copies of tender estimates for later use in resolving claims Use to resolve disputes relating to the intent and content of the estimate at the time of the bid Low bidder files a sealed copy of the bid estimate with a neutral third party Include costs, construction assumptions and expected productivity.

    81. RISK MANAGEMENT A “differing site conditions” clause in the contract documents Provides a basis for calculation of extra costs caused by differing site conditions Use in conjuction with the geotechnical baseline report Gives the contractor assurance that the owner will pay for extra work

    82. RISK MANAGEMENT Mandatory Pre-Tender Meeting for pre-qualified bidders Ensure that all bidders have the same information and opportunity for asking questions Tour and explanation of site constraints Show core samples taken during the geotechnical investigation Allow contractor to ask questions of the geotechnical engineer

    83. RISK MANAGEMENT A defined dispute resolution process Independent group of experts nominated at the start of the project by both the owner and contractor Findings may or may not be binding Involvement may reduce the potential for litigation

    84. RELATED ISSUES Easements If municipality is the owner, not always necessary Required for: Private property Federal property Strata Easements

    85. RELATED ISSUES Repairs Temporary Support Bypass Pumping Final Support

    86. RELATED ISSUES Repairs Temporary Support

    87. RELATED ISSUES Repairs Temporary Support

    88. RELATED ISSUES Repairs Temporary Support Bypass Pumping Final Support

    89. RELATED ISSUES Temporary Support Final Support

    90. RELATED ISSUES Repairs Temporary Support Bypass Pumping Final Support

    91. RELATED ISSUES

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