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Parameterized Approximation Scheme for the Multiple Knapsack Problem

CPSC669 Term Project—Paper Reading. Parameterized Approximation Scheme for the Multiple Knapsack Problem. Klaus Jansen SODA 2009. Yan Lu 2011-04-26. Outline. 1. Problem Definition 2. Approximation Scheme 2.1 Instances with similar capacities 2.2 General cases . 1 Problem Definition.

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Parameterized Approximation Scheme for the Multiple Knapsack Problem

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  1. CPSC669 Term Project—Paper Reading Parameterized Approximation Scheme for the Multiple Knapsack Problem Klaus Jansen SODA 2009 Yan Lu 2011-04-26

  2. Outline 1. Problem Definition 2. Approximation Scheme • 2.1 Instances with similar capacities • 2.2 General cases

  3. 1 Problem Definition • Multiple Knapsack Problem (MKP): • Given a set A of n items and a set B of m bins (knapsacks) such that each item aA has a size size(A) and a profit value profit(a), and each bin bB has a capacity c(b), the goal is to find a subset U Aof maximum total profit such that U can be packed into B without exceeding the capacities. • A generalization of the classical knapsack problem • Strongly NP hard  no FPTAS • Previous result: PTAS by Chekuri and Khanna [4] • This paper:

  4. Outline 1. Problem Definition 2. Approximation Scheme • 2.1 Instances with similar capacities • 2.2 General instances

  5. 2 Approximation Scheme 2.1 Instances with similar capacities • Let be the different capacities in an instance of MKP. Suppose for each capacity , , there are . • Approximation algorithm: • (1) Linear program relaxation • (2) Rounding the LP solution • (3) Selecting the Items • (4) Strip packing • (5) Shifting Technique

  6. (1) Linear Program Relaxation • Main idea: select a fractionalxi piece of each item ai, distribute these pieces as even smaller pieces among all bins (fractional). • The LP is a relaxation of MKP • Could be approximately solved as a max-min resource sharing problem [9], and solution has an objective value of at least 1-3α times OPT(LP), or OPT(A,B)

  7. (2) Rounding the LP solution • Define as the piece of item ai assigned to group l. • Think large pieces () ) as rectangles with width size(ai) and height • Stack all these rectangles ordered by widths, stack height • Divide each stack into parts • Let Klbe the set of pieces lying in more than 1 parts, notice • Remove items corresponding to Kl

  8. (2) Rounding the LP solution (cont’d) • Let Sl,jbe the set of items ai that have a piece in part j of stack l. • For small pieces, compute the total area allocated to group l Area(l) = • Let S0,j be the set of ai with a small piece in the sum above • Set a LP to round over groups: • This LP has a feasible solution

  9. (2) Rounding the LP solution (cont’d) • Lemma 2.1The solution can be rounded into another solution where each set has at most items. • NoteLl is the set of items with fractional pieces in more than 1 groups • After rounding, we have a unique assignment of items to groups, i.e. each item is assigned to exactly one group l and one part j.

  10. (3) Selecting the Items • In the rounding result, items selected are generally fractional. • Select complete items with near optimum profit, by solving classical fractional knapsack problems for each group and each part: • take as size of an item the value 1 and as profit the original profit profit(ai) • the capacity of the knapsack equals to , i.e. height of a part in Stack l • In overall solution A, at most one fractional item per group and part. • Let Ml be the set of selected fractional items in group l. • All other items are selected completely.

  11. (4) Strip packing • Lemma 2.2The set can be packed into bins of capacity cl for each l. • Using strip packing algorithm by Kenyon and Remila [10] • This implies (using the shifting technique described below) that most of the items (with near optimum profit) can be packed into ml bins. (5) Shifting technique • Recall : items removed from LP solution. • Let . Then • Lemma 2.3We can select a subset with profit at least that can be packed into ml bins.

  12. Entire algorithm • (1) Solve the LP approximately whose objective value is at least (1−3α) times the optimum LP value • (2) Build t stacks of wide rectangles and sets with narrow rectangles, split the stacks into 1/δ2parts and round the rectangles over the groups. Then select the items via solving fractional knapsack problems and store the fractional items • (3) Use the strip packing algorithm by Kenyon and Remila for each group to pack the items into bins • (4) Apply the shifting strategy to select subsets that can be packed into ml bins.

  13. 2 Approximation Scheme 2.2 General instances • When number of bins smaller than , they presented an approximation scheme with running time • From now on, suppose number of bins larger than • (1) Modify structure of bins • (2) Modify structure of high profit items • (3) Overall algorithm

  14. (1) Modify the bins • Order the bins according to capacities • k groups with bins, with • One group with bins • Lemma 2.4We can transform the optimum solution for an instance (A, B) such that the k-th group of bins is not used and the profit loss is at most

  15. (2) Modify the high profit items • Let APP(A, B) be the profit of the greedy algorithm, • Consider only items with large profit where γ is the number of bins in B2 • Case 1: , at most items in the instance. We could pack all of them in B2. Denote them with set SmHi • Case 2: , for each rounded profit value , choose at most smallest items with profit round(k) and store in A(k) • Guess a subset with high profit items for the bins in B2, through enumeration.In total, only need to consider choices.

  16. (3) Overall algorithm • Compute approximate solution • Modify structure of bins • Compute the set SmHi and sets A(k) • For each subset • Test whether Aguessfits into B2; if not, discard it • If yes, take a feasible placement of Aguessinto B2 and set up a linear program to select the remaining items (similar to the instances with similar capacities) • Place the selected items into bins • Take a solution among all feasible choices Aguess with maximum total profit. • Total running time

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  18. Thanks!

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