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U.S. Counter-Terrorism and Africa The United States and Gender, National Security, and Counter-Terrorism Africa Worksh

Core areas of U.S. C-T Policy. Development and countering violent extremism (CVE)Defense and counter-terrorismAnti-terrorism financingRendition, secret detention and tortureBorder security. 2010 National Security Strategy. Three Ds: diplomacy, development and defense[D]eny safe havens"

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U.S. Counter-Terrorism and Africa The United States and Gender, National Security, and Counter-Terrorism Africa Worksh

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    1. U.S. Counter-Terrorism and Africa The United States and Gender, National Security, and Counter-Terrorism Africa Workshop August 26-27 2010

    2. Core areas of U.S. C-T Policy Development and countering violent extremism (CVE) Defense and counter-terrorism Anti-terrorism financing Rendition, secret detention and torture Border security

    3. 2010 National Security Strategy Three Ds: diplomacy, development and defense [D]eny safe havens for terrorism in Somalia, the Maghreb, and the Sahel Strengthen stability in Nigeria and Kenya and Partnership, promotion of democracy and governance, strengthen border control, law enforcement, and judicial capabilities of countries and AU

    4. Core U.S. Initiatives Regional: Trans-Sahara Counter Terrorism Partnership (TSCTP) (DOS, USAID, DOD) Africa Regional Strategic Initiative (EARSI) (DOS) AFRICOM (United States African Command)

    5. Core U.S. Initiatives contd Country-level: e.g. Anti-terrorism financing e.g. designation of entities as FTOs or SDGTs (DOS/Department of the Treasury) Intelligence co-operation e.g. rendition, interrogation (CIA/FBI) Training of law-enforcement authorities in protecting critical infrastructure, responding to terrorist attacks, and investigating and prosecuting those responsible for terrorist acts (via Anti-Terrorism Assistance Program run by DOS, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism) Assistance to foreign governments to conduct investigations and prosecutions overseas (Department of Justice) Enhancing border security e.g. in Sudan and Somalia

    6. Trans-Sahara Counter Terrorism Partnership (TSCTP) Established in 2005 as primary instrument in northwestern Africa Multi-agency: diplomacy (DOS, also leads), development (USAID) and defense (DOD) Countries covered: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Tunisia Some challenges: lack of integrated strategy; inter-agency differences (DOS/USAID concern with DOD false promises); measuring outputs; development-security nexus

    7. TSCTP Activities Source: US GAO, Combating Terrorism: Actions Needed to Enhance Implementation of Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership (2008)

    8. East Africa Regional Strategic Initiative (EARSI) DOS-led Countries covered: Comoros, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda Goal/Activities/Funds: create a flexible network of coordinated country teams, to deny terrorists safe haven/similar to TSCTP/annual budget of $24 million

    9. AFRICOM Created in 2007 by DOD based on U.S. security interest in maintaining peace and stability in Africa Two key missions for C-T: Operation Enduring Freedom Trans-Sahara (OEF-TS) (the military component of TSCTP) Combined Joint Task ForceHorn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) Activities training, equipment, assistance and advice to local militaries military support for development and humanitarian assistance e.g. CJTF-HOAs indirect approach with 60 percent civil affairs projects (hearts and minds) support for specific military engagements

    10. Gender and Stages of Regional Programming Gender in strategic assessment of problems/programs needed e.g. USAID: profile of at-risk populations and the drivers of VE (socio-economic, political and cultural) Gender and program development and implementation (e.g. involvement of young girls in the USAID funded G-Youth Project in Garissa) Gender and assessment of outputs and outcomes e.g. the use of agency-by-agency indicators for outputs of TSCTP activities but not achievement of overall goals

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