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RFID

RFID. RFID 표준화 동향. Tag Physical Memory. Logical Memory Map. RFID Network. NW. 응용. RFID Reader. RFID TAG. Host. 정보 검색 서버. Decoder. Encoder. Tag Driver And Mapping Rules. 분야별 업부. Middle Ware. Command/ Response Unit. 유 . 무선망. Logical Memory. 미들웨어. 코드 정보 검색.

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RFID

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  1. RFID

  2. RFID 표준화 동향

  3. Tag Physical Memory Logical Memory Map RFID Network NW 응용 RFID Reader RFID TAG Host 정보 검색 서버 Decoder Encoder Tag Driver And Mapping Rules 분야별 업부 Middle Ware Command/ Response Unit 유.무선망 Logical Memory 미들웨어 코드 정보 검색 HOST INTERFACE AIR INTERFACE 태그 식별 적용 조건 코드

  4. Air Interface 표준 • ISO/IEC 18000-1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7은 IS(International Standard) 확정 • 860 – 960 MHz 대역은 현재 EPC C0, C1 사용 중 • EPCgloal UHF Generation 2(Class 1, Ver.2)를 WalMart 등이 채택하고 있으며 ISO 표준화 추진 중(NP 통과)이며 수용 방안 검토 중 • EPCglobal에서 2004년 12월초까지 시제품 시험후(TI, Intermec, Philips) 12월 중순 이후 ISO로 제출 예정, 2005년 전반기 경에 칩 출시 전망 • UHF Gen 2의 ISO/IEC 표준은 2006년도에 완료 전망 • 센서 인터페이스를 위해 ISO/IEC 18000 시리즈 표준 개정 준비중 • EPCglobal은 C2, C3, C4 개념 정의 중으로 향후 표준화 추진 전망

  5. 태그 식별 및 코드 체계 - ISO/IEC 15963 ․ ID 카드 분야 IC 제조사: ISO/IEC 7816-6    ․ RFID의 공급 망 응용 분야의 태그 제조사: ISO 14816    ․ EAN.UCC 표준을 따르는 태그 제조사: EPC    ․ 미국 RFID 표준을 따르는 IC 제조사: ANS INCITS 256

  6. 태그 및 코드 식별 체계– EPC (1) • EPC (Electronic Product Code) maintained by EPCglobal • EPC Tag Data Standards Version 1.1 Rev.1.24 (2004. April.) • The standardized EPC data consists of • An EPC (or EPC Identifier) • An optional Filter Value 각 코드 체계 구별 다양한 코드 체계 수용

  7. Electronic Product Code 01 . 203D2A9. 16E8B8 . 719BAE03C Header Domain Manager Serial Number Object Class EPC Code 체계 • Header : 번호, 형식, 버전, EPC의 전체길이 • EPC Manager : 바로 다음에 이어지는 상품 코드 및 일련번호의 관리 책임을 맡고 있는 기업을 표시 • Object Class : 품목(재고 보관 단위), 고객 단위 등 • Serial Number : 품목 내에서의 개별 제품의 일련번호를 표시 • 코드의 표현 순서 • 상위비트부터 하위비트 열까지 버전숫자, 영역 관리자 번호, 오브젝트 클래스 번호, 일련번호 순으로 나열

  8. EPC Code 체계 • 기존의 다양한 코드 체계를 EPC 코드 체계로 전환하기 위한 mapping 표준을 정의 • EPC에서 사용되는 코드의 종류 • General Identifier (GID-96) • Serialized Global Trade Identification Number (SGTIN) • Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) • Serialized Global Location Number (SGLN) • Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI) • Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI)

  9. Reader, Host, Interface, 미들웨어, 정보검색 표준 • ISO/IEC 15961 표준 완료 • EPCglobal은 Reader Protocol 표준 완료(C0, C1 리더기 적용) • Gen 2의 ISO 표준 수용 과정에서 15961 등이 검토 전망 • EPCglobal의 Object Naming Service (ONS) • EPCglobal의 Savant • EPCglobal의 Product Markup Language (PML)

  10. RFID Middleware Platform 표준화전망 • EPC Global 표준이 De facto Standard 가능성 높음 • ISO는 미들웨어 플랫폼 표준화 계획이 당분간 없음 • EPC Global외에는 미들웨어 플랫폼 표준화 활동이 거의 전무 • 2005년초 Middleware(ALE), EPC IS, ONS 등에 대한 규격이 완성 예정 • 표준화 추진 방향 • EPC Global, ISO 표준을 모두 수용 • 리더 인터페이스 : EPC 리더 프로토콜, ISO 15961 지원 • 객체 정보 검색 인터페이스 : EPC, ISO 15963 • 틈새 분야에 대한 표준화 활동에 중점 • 응용 서비스 표준화: EPC Global BAG, SC31 WG4 ARP에 적극 참여 • 객체 정보 교환 인터페이스 표준화 • 특정 응용 분야(예: 해운 물류)에 대한 PML Extension 개발, 제안 • 응용 프로그램 인터페이스 표준화 • 비즈니스 프로세스 자동화 기술 표준 개발, 제안 • 모바일 RFID 미들웨어 표준화: RFID 미들웨어를 위한 WIPI 규격 확장

  11. EPCglobal Architecture Framework Overview

  12. EPCglobal Standards Note 4: former Auto-IO Center. Not EPCglobal standards Superseded by UHF Class 1 Gen 2

  13. Categories of EPCIS Data (1/2) • Static Data, which does not change over the life of a physical object • Class-level Static Data : data which is the same for all objects of a given object class • Instance-level Static Data : which may differ from one instance to the next within a given object class • e.g) date of manufacture, lot number, expiration, and so forth

  14. Categories of EPCIS Data (2/2) • Transactional Data, which does grow and change over the life of a physical object • Instance Observations, which record events that occur in the life of one or more specific EPCs • (time, location, one or more EPCs, business process step) • “EPC X was shipped at 12:03pm 15 March 2004 from Acme Distribution Center #2,” and “At 3:45pm 22 Jan 2005 the case EPCs (list here) were aggregated to the pallet EPC X at ABC Corp’s Boston factory.” • Quantity Observations, which record events concerned with measuring the quantity of objects • (time, location, object class, quantity, business process step) • “There were 4,100 instances of object class C observed at 2:00am 16 Jan 2003 in RetailMart Store #23.” • Business Transaction Observations, which record an association between one or more EPCs and a business transaction • (time, one or more EPCs, business process step, business transaction identifier) • “The pallet with EPC X was shipped in fulfillment of Acme Corp purchase order #23 at 2:20pm.”

  15. EPC-Global Architecture Framework At location X, at time T, the following cases were verified as being on the following pallet. At Location L, between time T1 and T2, the following EPCs were observed. Reader A saw EPC X at time T.

  16. Data Path Reader Reader Tag Reads RFIDMiddleware ALE = Application Level Events:Filtered, accumulated tag reads: “What, when, where” ALE E.g., Unit Tagger, Palletizer, Verification Portal, Aggregate Tagger, Diverter LocalApp EPCIS = EPC Information ServicesObject identity, attributes, associations, observations EPCIS EnterpriseApp X-biz EPCIS ONS Object Name Service PartnerApp

  17. Example – Palletizer R R Reader Reader dozens of individual tag read events from specific readers Tag Reads RFIDMiddleware “between the time the case crossed the first beam and the second beam at location L, the following tag was read” ALE LocalApp “at time T, the association of the following case tags to the following pallet tag was created at palletizer #3” EPCIS EnterpriseApp “the following cases are on the pallet” X-biz EPCIS

  18. EPC Network – The Internet of thing Unique Identifier for Objects Unique Address for Computers on the internet EPC IP ADDRESS Resolves EPC to a URL where more info On the object is found Resolves Web Address To an IP Address of a Server ONS DNS Language used to Describe Objects and Data on EPC Network Language used to Describe WWW content PML HTML Server that provides Information on objects and products Serves up information Formatted in HTML EPC IS WEB SERVER

  19. Roles and Interfaces (1/8) • RFID Tag(Role)  • Holds an EPC code • May allow the EPC code to be changed post-manufacture • May hold an immutable code that gives manufacture information • manufacturer identity, unique manufacture serial number, etc • May have additional features such as lock, kill, access control, etc • EPC Tag Data Specification (Interface) • Defines the overall structure of the Electronic Product Code • Defines specific EPCglobal coding schemes • Binary representations for use on RFID tags, text representations • Tag Protocol (Interface) • Communicates a command to a tag from an RFID Reader • Communicates a response from a tag to the RFID Reader that issued the command • Singulate individual tags when more than one is within range of the RFID Reader • Minimize interference with each other

  20. Roles and Interfaces (2/8) • RFID Reader (Role) • Reads the EPCs of RFID Tags within range of one or more antennas, and reports the EPCs to a host application (via the Reader Protocol) • Writes the EPC to a tag (via a Tag Protocol) as commanded by a host application (via the Reader Protocol) • reads and writes user data (via a Tag Protocol) as directed by a host application (via the Reader Protocol) • kill, lock, etc, operates those features (via a Tag Protocol) as directed by a host application (via the Reader Protocol) • Provide additional processing such as filtering of EPCs, aggregation of reads, and so forth

  21. Roles and Interfaces (3/8) • Reader Protocol (Interface) • Command an RFID Reader to inventory tags, read/write tags • That is, to read the EPC codes carried on tags • Manipulate tag user and tag-identification data, and access other features such as kill, lock, etc • Access RFID Reader management functions • Discovery, firmware/software configuration and updates, health monitoring, connectivity monitoring, statistics gathering, antenna connectivity, transmit power level, and managing reader power consumption • Control RF aspects of RFID Reader operation • Control of RF spectrum utilization, interference detection and measurement, modulation format, data rates, etc • Control aspects of Tag Protocol operation • Protocol  parameters and singulation parameters

  22. Roles and Interfaces (4/8) • Reader Management Interface (Interface) • Query the configuration of an RFID Reader • Such as its identity, number of antennas • Monitor the operational status of an RFID Reader • Number of tags read, status of communication channels, health monitoring, antenna connectivity, transmit power levels • Control configuration of an RFID Reader • Enabling/disabling specific antennas or features • Access RFID Reader management functions • Discovery, firmware/software configuration and updates, and managing reader power consumption • Reader Management (Role) • Monitors the operational status of one or more RFID Readers • Manages the configuration of one or more RFID Readers • Carries out other RFID Reader management functions • Discovery, firmware/software configuration and updates, and managing reader power consumption

  23. Roles and Interfaces (5/8) • Filtering & Collection (Role) • Receives raw tag reads from one or more RFID Readers • Carries out processing to reduce the volume of EPC data • Transforming raw tag reads into streams of events more suitable for application logic than raw tag reads • Filtering : eliminating some EPCs according to their identities eliminating all but EPCs for a specific object class • Aggregating over time intervals (eliminating duplicate reads within that interval) • Grouping (e.g., summarizing EPCs within a specific object class) • Counting (reporting the number of EPCs rather than the EPC values themselves) • Determines which processing operations may be delegated to the RFID Reader, and which must be performed by the Filtering & Collection role itself • When the Filtering & Collection role is accessed by more than one client application • Mediates between multiple client application requests for data

  24. Roles and Interfaces (6/8) • Filtering & Collection (ALE) Interface (Interface) • Provides means for one or more client applications to request EPC data from one or more data sources • Provides a means for client applications to request data on demand • Provides means for multiple client applications to share data from the same reader • EPCIS Capturing Application (Role) • Recognizes the occurrence of EPC-related business events, and delivers these as EPCIS data • Coordinate multiple sources of data in the course of recognizing an individual EPCIS event • May control the carrying out of actions in the physical environment • Writing RFID tags and controlling other devices • EPCIS Capture Interface (Interface) • Provides a path for communicating EPCIS events generated by EPCIS Capturing Applications

  25. Roles and Interfaces (7/8) • EPCIS Query Interface (Interface) • Provides means whereby an EPCIS Accessing Application can request EPCIS data • Provides a means for mutual authentication of the two parties • Reflects the result of authorization decisions taken by the providing party • EPCIS Accessing Application (Role) • Carries out overall enterprise business processes • Warehouse management, shipping and receiving, historical throughput analysis, and so forth • EPCIS Repository (Role) • Records EPCIS-level events generated by one or more EPCIS Capturing Applications • Object Name Service (ONS) Interface (Interface) • Provides a means for looking up a reference to an EPCIS service or other service

  26. Roles and Interfaces (8/8) • Local ONS (Role) • Fulfills ONS lookup requests for EPCs within the control of the enterprise that operates the Local ONS • ONS Root (Core Service) • Provides the initial point of contact for ONS lookups • Delegates the remainder of the lookup operation to a Local ONS • Provides a lookup service for 64-bit Manager Index values • Manager Number Assignment (Core Service) • Ensures global uniqueness of EPCs • Maintaining uniqueness of EPC Manager Numbers assigned to EPCglobal Subscribers • Tag Data Translation Schema (Core Service) • Provides a machine-readable file that defines how to translate between EPC encodings defined by the EPC Tag Data Specification • Tag Data Translation Interface (Interface) • Encodes in machine-readable form all of the rules that define how to translate between EPC encodings

  27. Object Name Resolution and Lookup IS HTTP/1.1 GET http://gillette.com/... urn:epc:id:sgtin:47400.11015.583865 http://gillette.com/autoid/cgi-bin/epcis.php 11015.47400.sgtin.id.onsepc.comNAPTR 0 0 u EPC+epcis !^.*$!http://gillette.com/autoid/cgi-bin/epcis.php! . 11015.47400.sgtin.id.onsepc.com NAPTR ?

  28. Related Documents (1/2)

  29. Related Documents (2/2)

  30. Case Study: VeriSign’s EPCIS

  31. EPC Network EPC Trust Service 제조사 소매상 VeriSign’sEPC Network Components • Root ONS • Local ONS • EPC Information Service • EPC Discovery Service • EPC Trust Service 출처 : VeriSign

  32. EPC Network EPC Trust Service 제조사 소매상 VeriSign’s EPC Network Services • Discovery • Object Name Service • EPC Discovery Service • Storage • EPC Information Service • Trust • EPC Trust Service 출처 : VeriSign

  33. EPC Discovery Service • The retailer and other parties can view real-time supply chain information.

  34. EPC-IS (Calling Function(Soap,HTTP GET)) • All EPC-IS functionality is available via a standard Web Services interface. • EPC Syntax • EPC’s should always be expressed in the following canonical form. • urn:epc:id:sgtin:EPC Manager Number.ObjectID.SerialID • urn:epc:id:sgtin:800900.456.9876 • EPC-IS Access Flow 1. Base profile request Query Generator EPC-IS Profiles 2. Get profile response 3. XML Format Query API Parsor 4. RFID Mapping Info DB

  35. EPC-IS Base Profile • Calling Function • Soap, HTTP GET • getCapabilityNSList() • getWSDLByNS()

  36. EPC-IS Observation Profile • The Observation profile is used to log, retrieve and delete activity recorded at a location into/out of a VeriSign hosted EPC-IS. Data logged into the EPC-IS, must include the location at which the read occurred, the tag ID and date, time of the observation.

  37. EPC Track & Trace Service • This service accepts queries based on the EPC. The EPC-IS Track & Trace Service then used the EPC Discovery Service to lookup all of the EPC-Iss that have registered “knowledge” about that EPC. The EPC-IS Track & Trace Service then queries each of the EPC-ISs directly and returns an aggregated XML response. • GetObservationHistroy

  38. Case Study: NIDA의 MDS

  39. NIDA의 ONS Network 구성 • 객체검색서비스(ODS:Object Directory Service) • 객체이력서비스(OTS:Object Traceability Service) • 객체정보서비스(OIS:Object Information Service) • 미들웨어MDM(Multicode Decoding Module)

  40. 객체정보검색 서비스(ODS)

  41. ODS 질의과정

  42. 객체이력정보(OTS) 등록 서비스 Static : 물품의 불변정보(제조회사,중량 등) Instance : 객체의 개별정보(제조년월, 색상 등) 객체이력정보 : RFID코드, 리더ID, 시간 기관B 네트워크에 있던 태그가 새로운 기관 A 네트워크로 들어와서 이력정보를 쓰고 OTS에 등록하는 과정

  43. 객체이력정보(OTS) 검색 시나리오 태그의 이력정보를 알고 싶은 사용자로부터 리더기나 혹은 어플리케이션 상에서 코드값을 입력받아 이력정보를 알아내는 과정

  44. Verisign vs NIDA 구조적 차이점 • 네트워크 구조의 차이점이 없음 • NIDA는 국내의 표준제정의 힘이 없음을 알고, 유동적 변화를 위한 MDM쪽으로 우회 • MDM(Multi-code Decoding Module) : 현존 세가지의 RFID코드를 구별할 수 있는 Module

  45. DNS의 기능 코드분류 Local ODS

  46. Local ODS –입출력 처리 모듈 • 다양한 RFID 코드 질의 패킷 입력을 받아서 EPC FQDN (444.44.4.onsroot.org)은 프리리졸버 모듈로, 코드의 종류를 알수 없는것은 다중코드처리로 분기

  47. RFID 응용분야

  48. RFID Network 응용 분야

  49. RFID 응용분야 (1) • 공공 • 전자도서관 • RFID 태그를 부착하여 태그를 읽는 리더를 통해 전체 도서를 관리 • 은평구의 RFID 전자도서관 시스템은 자가반납기ㆍ대출기ㆍ도난방지기 사서용 데스크탑 리더ㆍ장서점검기ㆍRFID 관리 서버 등으로 구성 • 개인신분카드 • 개인 신원정보를 내장한 카드를 이용방안 • 예) 국방전자카드 : 장교, 부사관 및 군무원 대상으로 군내 각종 복지시설 이용에 활용할 방침 • 건강보험카드 • 진료ㆍ신용ㆍ현금카드 기능을 하나로 통합하여 진료 접수에서부터 수납까지 전 과정을 처리(의료용 스마트 카드) • 삼성병원, 서울 아산병원, 연대병원 발급 또는 검토 • 금융 • 한우이력정보관리 • 송아지의 귀에 작은 RFID팁을 매달아 주기적으로 한번씩 해당 소의 성장 과정을 이력정보관리 DB에 저장 및 관리 • 회계정산 • 세계 유통업체인 월마트는 물류창고에 먼저 RFID 기술도입 후 점차 점포로 확대할 방침 • 전자지갑 • 충전식 선불카드의 개념으로 손목밴드 또는 목걸이와 같은 형태로 금액을 충전하여 각종 식당과 편의시설 등을 이용하는 방법

  50. RFID 응용분야 (2) • 물류 • 택배관리 • 물품에 RFID 태그를 삽입하여 배송오류를 줄이고 고객의 편의를 높이기 위한 활용 방법 • 정부시범 RFID 물류사업 • 주요 정부 물품에 무선인식칩인 RFID 태그를 부착하여, 납품된 물품에 대한 취득ㆍ보관ㆍ이동ㆍ처분에 대한 처리를 RFID를 통해 자동으로 처리 및 관리 • 수입쇠고기에 RFID 태그를 부착하여, 쇠고기의 수입통관 시점부터 가공ㆍ유통ㆍ판매에 이르는 일련의 과정을 추적하고 관리 • 항공수하물관리 • 한국항공사는 공항에서의 신속ㆍ정확한 수하물 처리를 통해 비용절감과 공항 대외신인도를 높이기 위하여, 김포-제주 구간의 수화물에 RFID를 시범적으로 적용 • 보안 • 도난방지 • 자동차 키에 RFID 태그를 부착하여 태그의 정보를 조회한 후에 시동이 걸리게 함으로서 물리적으로 복사된 키로는 시동을 걸 수 없음 • 복수의 사람이 같은 차를 운전하는 경우에 키를 통해 운전자를 식별하여 운전환경을 변경 • 위조방지 • 여권이나 운전면허증과 같은 신분증명서나 지폐, 상품권과 같은 유가증권에 뮤칩을 붙여 위조나 변조된 것을 구별 및 방지 가능

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