Mobile Technologies In Healthcare

1. Mobile Technologies In Healthcare Presented by Julie Morgan, RN

2. Objectives • Describe mobile technologies in healthcare • Describe and summarize mobile devices and applications used in the healthcare setting • Describe one hardware and software used with mobile devices • Evaluate the usability of the software associated with mobile technologies • Describe and summarize the information system used for this trend

3. Objectives (cont.) • List advantages and disadvantages of mobile technologies • Describe any ethical or legal issues • Describe informatics competencies of the professional nurse • Describe functions/responsibilities of the informatics nurse

4. Description Mobile Technologies includes the use of: • Mobile phones • Internet-enabled smartphones • Personal digital assistants (PDAs) • Tablet computers • Subnotebook microcomputers • Remote diagnostic and monitoring devices (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2009)

5. Description (cont.) These hand-held devices are becoming increasingly popular to collect and share medical information to improve healthcare delivery to patients. (U.S. National Institutes of Health, 2009)

6. Personal Digital Assistants(PDAs) • PDAs were originally designed as an electronic organizer to manage personal information, such as appointments, contacts, and everyday tasks • PDAs have evolved over the years, and are now capable of accessing the Internet, functioning as a GPS, and utilizing multimedia software (http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/travel/pda.htm/printable)

7. PDAs (cont.) PDAs can be very useful in healthcare, and provide nurses with the ability to: • Record and share patient data • Chart information quickly • Access lab/test results and new orders • Access reference materials through the use of software applications (Hardwick, Pulido, & Adelson, 2007)

8. Software • The following applications are used for Windows Pocket PCs and PDA phones: • Nursing Central • Clinical Medical Consult • Nurses Clinical Pocket Guide • Davis’s Drug Guide • DrDrugs • Emergency Central (http://www.pocketpccentral.net/software/med.htm)

9. Davis’s Drug Guide • A software application that serves as a drug reference for healthcare providers • Includes generic/trade names, therapeutic drug classes, IV administration guidelines, high-alert drug and patient safety information, and patient and family teaching (http://pocketpccentral.net/software/med.htm)

10. Usability of Software • Evaluation of usability axioms: • Axiom 1- There is an early and central focus on the users, or nurses, upon implementing the software design. • Axiom 2- The software is iterative, or evaluated for usability problems, and modified by nurses for effectiveness. • Axiom 3- The software is formally evaluated by experimental methods to determine ease of use, or usability for nurses. (Staggers, 2003)

11. Information System • Clinical Information System (CIS)- most commonly used patient care support system in healthcare • CIS is the type of system used with mobile devices to access and record patient information such as the patient care plan, data, lab and test results, interventions, medications, and outcomes. • All members of the healthcare team can utilize the CIS to provide the patient with quality care. (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2009)

12. Clinical Information System (CIS) Summary • Mobile devices, such as the PDA and smartphone, use a CIS to provide patient care • All team members (nurses, physicians, support staff) can utilize the CIS • The CIS allows the user to diagnose problems, document findings, view lab/test results and medications, and plan the care of the patient (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2009)

13. Clinical Information System (CIS) Summary (cont.) • Utilizes the International Statistical and Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-9) (http://www.skyscape.com/estore/ProductDetail.aspx?ProductId=940#)

14. Advantages of Mobile Technologies • Enhanced quality of care due to readily accessible patient information • Ease of disseminating and storing data http://www.brighthub.com/health/technology/articles/7402.aspx • Decreased data entry error • Decrease in time spent on data management • Facilitates application of clinical documentation • Quick access to drug and clinical references (Hardwick, Pulido, & Adelson, 2007)

15. Disadvantages of Mobile Technologies • Financial components associated with implementing the technology (eg. hardware, software, wireless capability) • Cost of training individuals to utilize and understand the technology • Maintenance of wireless system and software http://www.brighthub.com/health/technology/articles/7402.aspx

16. Ethical & Legal Issues • Patient information must be kept secure with use of handheld devices • Patient records should remain confidential • Only authorized users should have access to patient data http://www.brighthub.com/health/technology/articles/7402.aspx

17. Informatics Competencies of the Professional Nurse • Basic Computer Literacy: proficient in use of hardware and software, including word processing, spreadsheets, databases, presentation, and web browsing • Information Literacy: ability to identify, locate, evaluate, and apply information • Information Management: ability to collect, process, present, and communicate data as knowledge http://www.tigersummit.com/uploads/3.Tiger.Report_Competencies_final.pdf

18. Functions & Responsibilities of the Informatics Nurse • Support nurses by using technology to advance application and use of data, information, and knowledge • Collaborate with all healthcare disciplines to improve quality of patient care • Develop improvements to informatics technologies (Brokel, 2007)

19. Trend Summary • Mobile Technologies are a popular and emerging trend in healthcare • The use of hand-held devices provides readily accessible patient information, which enhances the quality of patient care. • Software applications allow nurses quick access drug and clinical information • Mobile technologies are an important component of safe, effective healthcare delivery

20. References • Brokel, J. (2007). Updates within the scope of informatics in nursing. Iowa Nurse Reporter. Retrieved on April 18, 2010 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=196964442 • Hardwick, M., Pulido, P.,& Adelson, W. (2007). The Use of Handheld Technology in Nursing Research and Practice. Orthopedic Nursing, 26(4) 251. Retrieved on February 28, 2010 from ProQuest database.

21. References (cont.) • International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Retrieved on March 28, 2010 from (http://www.skyscape.com/estore/ProductDetail.aspx?ProductId=940#) • Introduction to How PDAs Work. Retrieved on February 28, 2010 from http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/travel/pda.htm/printable

22. References (cont.) • McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. (2009). Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge. Ch. 14, P. 209, Ch. 24, P. 411-12. Jones and Bartlett Publishers: Massachusetts. • Pocket PC Medical Software for Windows Mobile. Retrieved on February 28, 2010 from http://pocketpccentral.net/software/med.htm • Spring, Manda. (2008). EMR Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved on April 18, 2010 from http://www.brighthub.com/health/technology/articles/7402.aspx

23. References (cont.) • Staggers, N. (2003). Human Factors: Imperative Concepts for Critical Care. AACN Clinical Issues. 14(3). 310-319. • The TIGER Initiative- Informatics Competencies for Every Practicing Nurse: Recommendations from the TIGER Collaborative. Retrieved on April 18, 2010 from http://www.tigersummit.com/uploads/3.Tiger.Report_Competencies_final.pdf

24. References (cont.) • U.S. National Institutes of Health, John E. Fogarty International Center For Advanced Study In The Health Sciences. (2009). Mobile communications technology revolutionizes global health programs. Retrieved on February 7, 2010 from http://www.fic.nih.gov/news/publications/global_health_matters/2009/1209_mhealth.htm