Universidad Simón Bolívar

1. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar Framed Structure By: Mayerling Heredia Andreína Hernández Jorge Soto

2. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar • Introduction: • Framed Structure. • Main materials used to build framed structure. • Content • Types of framed structure • Timber Frame. • Balloon Frame. • Platform Frame. • Steel framing. • Some outstanding examples of reality. • Conclusion

3. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar FramedStructure

4. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar Materials `Wood the best choices are spruce, pine and fir, which have a very soft type of wood.

5. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar Materials The wood pieces are connected with nails or screws and the steels pieces are connected with screws.

6. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar Materials To cover the structure, the workers use wallboard, lath and plaster . Exterior walls and ceilings often use plywood or sheathing, brick or stone veneer.

7. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar Types of framed structure Heavy timber frame Balloon framing Light frame construction Platform framing

8. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar The heavy-timber system, the beams are strong enough to allow the upper story and roof to project beyond the plane of the ground-floor posts, increasing the space and weather protection. The members are usually exposed on the exterior. Modern light-frame structures usually gain strength from rigid panels (plywood and other plywood-like composites such as OSB) used to form all or part of wall sections, but until recently carpenters employed various forms of diagonal bracing (called "wind braces") to stabilize walls.

9. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar TimberFrame Timber framing, or half-timbering, is the method of creating framed structures of heavy timber jointed together with pegged mortise and tenon joints. • This was the most common type of construction in East Asia and northern Europe from prehistoric times to the middle of the 19 th century. • To finish the walls, the spaces between the timbers were often infilled with wattle and daub, brick, or rubble. • Interior were often “ceiled” with wainscoting for insulation and warmth.

10. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar TimberFrame Porch of a modern timber-framed house Red brick timber frame building in Poland

11. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar TimberFrame Timber Framing It uses fewer and larger wooden members. Timber framing uses mortice and tenon. Conventional Framing It uses many timbers with smaller dimensions. Framing members are joined using nails.

12. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar TimberFrame • Advantages • Easy and fast to construct • Green • The timber frame can give the home owner the ability to make a creative statement through the use of design and specialty touches. • Disadvantages • Because the structure is made from wood, it inherits any disadvantages wood may have. • Older timber frame buildings, built before the 1950s, are vulnerable to damage during an earthquake. Today, in the United States and Canada, the timber frame construction and old techniques have been revived since the 1970s.

13. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar BalloonFrame Balloon framing is a method of wood construction. It utilizes long continuous framing members (studs) that run from sill plate to eave line with intermediate floor structures nailed to them, with the heights of window sills, headers and next floor height marked out on the studs with a storey pole.

14. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar BalloonFrame • warehouse constructed in 1832 in Chicago by George Washington • It did not require highly-skilled carpenters • Scandinavia, Canada and the United States up until the mid-1950s Thanks to this method of construction, the western United States was populated and immigrants could improve their homes.

15. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar BalloonFrame • Disadvantages • When a fire occurs, it travels very quikly from floor to floor. • There is no platform to reach and construct the last floor. • The workers will need very long members.

16. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar PlatformFrame Platform Framing: structure sits atop a concrete or treated wood foundation. A sill-plate is anchored usually with "J" bolts to the foundation wall. Thefloorismade of joist and in top of them, wefindthewalls, beamsorposts.

17. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar PlatformFrame It’s a simple method. This framing uses very thin members of wood. • In Canada and the United States, the most common method of light-frame construction for houses and small apartment buildings

18. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar PlatformFrame Balloon Frame The studs extend from the base of the house all the way to the end rafter. Platform Frame However in the platform framing method, each floor is independent from the other.

19. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar SteelFraming Steel framing, This method is very similar to platform framing but, it’s much easier because of strength and rigidity of steel.

20. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar SteelFraming • The posts and beams are fused using welding. • Since structural steel must be protected from corrosion • The skeleton is either covered by curtain walls or surfaced in concrete or, more rarely, painted

21. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar SteelFraming • Advantages • Fewer members are needed in this method. • This system is very resistent to earthquakes.

22. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar Some outstanding examples of reality. One of two structures commissioned to mark the 100th anniversary of the 1909 Plan of Chicago. Also known as the Burnham Plan after architect Daniel Burnham, the organically shaped, aluminum-framed structure

23. Departamento de Idiomas Ingles para Arquitectura y Urbanismo ID-2125 Universidad Simón Bolívar Conclusion Framed structures are the skeletons of residential and commercial buildings across North America