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Anthropology

Anthropology. The Earliest Human Ancestors. This is wrong. This is awesome…. Common Ancestry. Humans and Chimpanzees shared a common ancestor between 5 and 7 million years ago . What happened? Roughly our 250 000s grandparent. This common ancestor probably looked very different

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Anthropology

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  1. Anthropology The Earliest Human Ancestors

  2. This is wrong.

  3. This is awesome…

  4. Common Ancestry • Humans and Chimpanzees shared a common ancestor • between 5 and 7 million years ago. What happened? • Roughly our 250 000s grandparent. • This common ancestor probably looked very different • from both a chimpanzee and a human. • Define both cultures.

  5. ArdipithecusRamidus • Australopithecus Anamensis • Australopithecus Afarensis (Lucy & Laetoli) • Robust Australopithecus’ (Boisei/Robustus) Some of the Early Ones…

  6. Ardipithecusramidus

  7. Lived 4.4 million years ago • in Africa. • One of the earliest known • human ancestors. • Walked on two legs on the • ground, but walked on all fours • on the tops oftree branches. “Ardi” Like this =>

  8. ARDI It is likely that ArdipithecusRamiduswas the ancestor of the many different species of humans that came afterwards.

  9. Small cranium (350cc) • Reduced canines • Long curved fingers/opposable big toe • Pelvis modified for bipedalism Ramidus

  10. 3.5-3.3mya • Put in line with robustus, rudolfensis, boisei, erectus and face seemed to be flatter (hence name: “flat face”)…face was :prognathic • Different enough, therefore: a new species. • Most similar to Rudolfensis Platyops KenyanthropusPlatyops

  11. Australopithecus Anamensis

  12. Fossils found 1000k ms away from Ramidus • 1st hominoid femur found/largest canines found • Similarities and close proximity lead to a “newer” species… • 4.5-3.9 mya • A direct ancestor of Afarensis! Anamensis

  13. Australopithecus Afarensis

  14. 4-3 mya • Samples taken out of volcanic ash (which can be dated) • Footprints and femur length determinit as bipedal! A first! • Also adapted to life in trees too (hands and feet) • Lucy and Laetoli footprints

  15. Lucy

  16. Laetoli Footprints

  17. A split?

  18. Robustus • Boisei • 2.5-1.5 mya The Robust Type…

  19. Remarkably bigger than africanus (teeth) • Specialized chewing teeth compared to others • Cranial capacity of 530cc (not just a big dumb dude as thought to be compared to slender-sleek africanus) • Lack of post cranial remains…. Robustus

  20. Amazing! • Close to whole cranium found (dated to 2.3-1.2mya) • Thickest enamel on hominoid ever found (molars also about twice our size but with microwear). Diet? • Robust looking skull: massive sagittal crest, large jaws • Massive sexual dimorphism (males: 65kgs/ females: 45kgs) A. Boisei

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