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Enhancing Efficiency of Monte-Carlo Simulation in OPERA Detector Analysis

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This study examines the use of Monte-Carlo simulations to understand and optimize the parameters affecting the efficiency of the OPERA detector, particularly focusing on factors such as fog density, distortions, and grain density. With the aim of improving reconstruction algorithms and evaluating track efficiency under varying topological conditions, we address challenges arising from limited data and the lengthy feedback loop between beam tests and analysis. Our simulation incorporates background elements to better replicate real conditions, enhancing overall statistical accuracy in particle detection.

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Enhancing Efficiency of Monte-Carlo Simulation in OPERA Detector Analysis

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  1. Why Monte-Carlo ? • To understand and separate influences of parameters (ex: fog d, distorsions,m.i.p grain density) on efficiency • To guide the optimization of reconstruction programs • To evaluate track efficiency and systematics errors for different topological conditions • ECC is the basic OPERA detector , but it is the only one escaping Monte-Carlo ! Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  2. THEN:The lack of data for various conditions ( particle type, angles, energies, fog densities, ambiant radioactivity integration times, etc) and poor statistics make difficult the reconstruction programs optimization. • The large feed-back time between beam tests and scanning • It was attracting to reproduce emulsions data by Monte-Carlo, as for the other detectors Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  3. Genima GEN : GEANT3 generation of - single track (1 single field 200x200 2 , double layer emulsion set-up) - or neutrino, showers events in a complete brick set-up. - The correct grain density is set by randomly eliminating some GEANT track hits to obtain the m.i.p density at : 32 IMA: single “classico” FORTRAN program: - read GEANT hits - add background fog - constructs the 32 images of grains, fog,etc present in the 2 emulsion layers NOW 128x128 pixels instead of 1024x1024 : factor 64 in computing time !!! -Artificial increase of depth of field to approximate reality - clusterises the images pixels NOW Digital Filter - finds micro-track NOW cut >= 8 hits to accept - finds base-track Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  4. The virtual microscope Focused plane objective ccd plane d=3.254 mm Grain plane d=200 mm  r=6mm The systeme objective-ccd (in red) can move along the optical axis: we keep 16 tomographic planes ; is defined by objective characteristics Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  5. IMA : makes pictures • For each “grain” x,y,z we calculate the intercepted surface by a conical prolongation , isolating the surface S of pixels to “dark”. The cone aperture is determined by the lense N.A (numerical aperture):  = arcsin(N.A/nrefr ) • Pixels are filled with grey in each of the 16 picture planes; grey density varies with 1 /S and e-d/ (  is an effective emulsion attenuation lenghth) Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  6. Fog and background • Fog is randomly generated as single grain with a density of 8 grains/ (10 )3 • Album of real emulsions can be used also (radioactivity fossiles tracks) Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  7. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  8. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  9. Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  10. Emulsion simulation Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  11. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  12. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  13. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  14. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  15. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  16. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  17. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  18. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  19. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  20. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  21. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  22. Emulsion simulation • 16 images Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  23. Performances of the European Scanning System Efficiency Efficiency is being estimated by European laboratories by using plates from a common test exposure 8 plates in contact were exposed to a p beam The brick was rotated in 14 different positions in order to test the angular dependency of efficiency Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  24. Performances of the European Scanning System Purity Purity is being estimated by European laboratories measuring plates from a common reference batch with the same parameters used to measure efficiency Tracks found by the scanning system in a few cm2 are manually checked in order to evaluate the density of fake tracks Density of fake tracks is less than 1/cm2 Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  25. Performances of the European Scanning System Efficiency Microtrack Base-track 6/7 plates4 averagess cut Bkgnd = 1 fake/cm2 Sy = 0 Sy = -0.180 Salerno Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  26. Efficiency Offline cut: < -6.667 + 0.4167PH Napoli Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  27. N6  = N5 +N6 Base-track efficiency Jun. 04 reference brick with lead sheets 18 – 25 volume 1: sheets 20 – 25 volume 2: sheets 19 – 24 volume 3: sheets 18 – 23 6 samples of tracks ( external sheets only ) Bari Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04 R&D Meeting, LNGS, 4th October 2004

  28. Efficiency Neuchatel Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  29. Volume tracksBase tracks efficiency vs peaks (averaged over 7 plates) Red: y 0 mrad Black: y 200 mrad Error bars = 1 s spread of 7 plate efficiencies Bologna Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  30. Scanning performance Basetracks MIC1 (SmartTracker6) Dry objective Bern Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  31. Scanning performance Basetracks MIC2 (SmartTracker7) Dry objective Bern Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  32. How fog can influence efficiency ? - Fog effects will be higher at large angle where the sensible volume around the track is higher • infection of a good cluster: the resulting barycentre becomes out of association: the hits number can go down from 6 to 5 - Deformations of good clusters by a fog one can produce a deterioration of qui2 • Oppositely, on a 5 hits track, one fog cluster can, by luck, occupy the sixth rank, so the track will be accepted Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  33. Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  34. Base-track efficiency Fog effect Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  35. Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  36. Nhit 5 Grain density Fog=0 (preliminary) Nhit 6 Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  37. Track grains/100 mm Emulsion sensitivity Long term test using PbCa (11/2004  11/2005) • Boliden Lead + Ca (NGL washed by Goslar) • CERN refreshed emulsion (FD (6.3 + 0.5)g/(10mm)3) • Spider packing • Delrin cover and side protection • 35°C in the oven (1 year) FD (6.8 + 0.5)g/(10mm)3 Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  38. Distortion It is simulated by random rotation (0 to max) of the microtracks ,leaving fixed the intercept with the basis; we varied max from 0 to 40 mrad Emulsion layer 1 basis Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  39. Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  40. Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  41. Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  42. Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  43. Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  44. Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

  45. Jean Favier LAPP CERN Physics and soft meeting 23/04/04

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