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Innovative Solutions for Air Pollution Control: From Fuel Refinement to Market Trading

Explore effective strategies to reduce air pollutants, from refining fuels to innovative market trading solutions. Learn about controlling PM, reducing NOx emissions, and improving air quality through advanced pollution control methods. Discover how to turn the right to pollute into a commodity and implement federal emission standards for vehicles to combat air pollution effectively.

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Innovative Solutions for Air Pollution Control: From Fuel Refinement to Market Trading

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  1. Controlling Air Pollution Lecture 10.3 Chapter 15

  2. Lets Avoid Making Air Pollutants in the First Place! • Less impurities in fuels • Better grades of coal (low S coal) • Refine out the sulfur • Increased efficiency and conservation • *Combustion of any fuel releases air pollutants

  3. Choose the Right Form of Coal

  4. Removing Sulfur from Coal • Fluidized Bed Combustion

  5. Removing Sulfur from Coal Coal Gasification

  6. Temperature and NOx Emissions • Reduce the temperature of the combustion process incomplete combustion reduces efficiency  increased PM & CO • What is the right blend of air, fuel, temperature and fuel?

  7. CARS-non-point source NOx

  8. Controlling PM

  9. Controlling Particulate Matter Without Electrostatic precipitator

  10. ControllingPM With Electrostatic precipitator

  11. Scrubbers • Scrubbers (capture after burning)

  12. Benefit: Can remove SO2 • SOx + Ca(OH)2 -->CaSO4

  13. Negatives of PM Control • Requireadditional energy to run • Increase resistance to airflow • Require more fossil fuels to run, therefore more CO2 released overall

  14. Smog Reduction-Control VOC’s • Phase I Vapor Recovery System for gasoline

  15. Innovative Pollution Control • Gasoline vapors (VOC’s) • Dry cleaning fluids (VOC’s) • Ban lighter fluid for starting barbeques (VOC’s) • Ban wood burning stoves (PM, CO, NOx) • Bakeries (bread) (VOC’s) • Restricting automobile use (odd/even days) (COx, NOx, HC) • Carpool lanes • Improve the quality and accessibility of public transportation • Specific toll times/areas

  16. Innovative Pollution Control • Let’s turn the right to pollute into a commodity • Set a number of allowances and buy and sell them in a free-market system • SO2 trading • 23.5 million tonnes 10.3 million tonnes from 1982 to 2008

  17. Other Ways to Improve Air Quality • Reduce sulfur content in gasoline from its current average of 330 ppm to 30 ppm • Sulfur clogs catalytic converters • Require federal emission standards for all passenger vehicles • Including SUVs, trucks and minivans • Require emission testing for all vehicles • Including diesel

  18. The Clean Air Act Works

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