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WWII (1941-1945)

WWII (1941-1945). Americans Join the War Effort. Post Pearl Harbor Americans eager to join 5 million volunteer for military service Selective Service System Drafted additional 10 million 8 weeks basic training. Production Miracle.

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WWII (1941-1945)

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  1. WWII (1941-1945)

  2. Americans Join the War Effort • Post Pearl Harbor • Americans eager to join • 5 million volunteer for military service • Selective Service System • Drafted additional 10 million • 8 weeks basic training

  3. Production Miracle • February 1942: The last automobile for private use produced • Retooled to produce tanks, planes, boats, command cars • Mechanical Pencil Factories: Bomb parts • Bedspread manufacturer: bottle filling, explosive shell filling • Henry J. Kaiser, Liberty Ships • Cargo carriers, tankers, troop transports, baby aircraft carriers

  4. Mobilization Scientists • Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) • Improvements in radar, sonar, pesticides, “miracle drugs” • Largest Achievement (1941) • Atomic Bomb is possible! • Manhattan Project: 1942 program established to develop ASAP

  5. Federal Government Takes Control • Office of Price Administration: Price freeze • Income tax raise • Millions of people now must pay who never had before • War Production Board • Ration of fuel and materials such as gasoline, heating oil, metals, plastic

  6. The War for Europe and North Africa

  7. Battle in the Atlantic • German Uboats • Beginning of 1942: Hitler sank 87 ships • By the end of 1942: 681 allied ships sunk • Convoys established • Groups of ships travelling together for mutual protection • Accompanied by aircraft • Turning Point • Liberty Ships out produced number sunk each month

  8. The Battle of Stalingrad • November 1941: Germans turn South in Soviet Unionthe Weather! • Hitler’s Priorities: • Soviet Oil Fields in Caucasus Mountains • Wipe out Stalingrad • August 1942: Germany controls 9/10ths of Stalingrad • Luftwaffe raids • Hand to hand combat • But winter comes again.. • Surrender January 31st, 1943

  9. Operation Torch • Led by Dwight D. Eisenhower • Attack on Axis controlled North Africa • Germans trapped in Tunisia • November 1942- May 1943

  10. Italian Campaign • North Africa Won • Only unconditional surrender of enemies will do • Italy will be the target • Summer 1943: Capture of Sicily • July 25th: Il Duce is stripped of power • February-May 1944: Bloody Anzio • 25,000 Allied • 30,000 Axis

  11. The Liberation of Europe • D-Day aka Operation Overlord, June 6th 1944 • 3 Million British, American, Canadians • Normandy (Northern France) • Air and sea bombardment

  12. D-Day (June 6, 1944)

  13. The Liberation of Europe (Cont.) • 7 Days of Fighting • Allies attain 80 mile beach strip • 1 million more troops able to land • 170,000 vehicles • St. Lo: massive air raid • August 1944: Paris is liberated from four years of German Occupation (Vichy France) • Belgium and Luxemburg quickly freed

  14. Battle of Bulge • October 1944: Aachen captured • First German town • Hitler reordered his troops to capture Antwerp, Belgium • December 16th: German tanks make a bulge and break in the American and British troops • 1 month of fighting irreplaceable damage • Germans lost 120,000 troops • 600 tanks and assault guns • 1,600 planes

  15. Unconditional Surrender in Europe • April 25th, 1945: Soviets storm Berlin • Hitler retreats to underground HQ • April 29th • Marries Eva Braun • Final address to the Germany • Blames Jews for starting and Generals for losing the war “I die with a happy heart aware of the immeasurable deeds of soldiers at the front. I myself and my wife choose to die in order to escape the disgrace of capitulation…”

  16. V-E Day: May 8th, 1945 Declaration by General Eisenhower

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