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Probiotics and Prebiotics: The oh-so-good bugs and carbs!

Probiotics and Prebiotics: The oh-so-good bugs and carbs!. Andrea Dmytrash Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology ald4@ualberta.ca. What the heck is IBD?. IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract

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Probiotics and Prebiotics: The oh-so-good bugs and carbs!

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  1. Probiotics and Prebiotics:The oh-so-good bugs and carbs! Andrea Dmytrash Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology ald4@ualberta.ca

  2. What the heck is IBD? • IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) • Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis • Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract • Inflammation: A localized protective reaction of tissue to irritation, injury, or infection (bacteria!), characterized by pain, redness, swelling (immune cells enter tissue), and sometimes LOSS OF FUNCTION.

  3. What the heck is IBD? • May lead to decreased nutrient and water absorption • Malnutrition • Frequent watery stools • Fatigue, Pain, Decreased Quality of Life • Affects 1 in 200 people in Canada

  4. IBD Pathogenesis

  5. GEOGRAPHICAL PREVALENCE OF IBD

  6. Where do Bugs fit in? • Bacteria in the intestine play a role in the modulating the immune system and influencing intestinal health • Your own personal intestinal microflora determined within the first two years of life!

  7. MF

  8. Probiotics and Prebiotics • Probiotics are bacteria that benefit intestinal health • Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., some Streptococcus spp., some E. coli • Prebiotics are non-digestible oligosaccharides • Selectively stimulate growth and/or activity of a limited number of bacteria in the colon (ie. Probiotics, especially Bifidobacteria spp.) Ms. BacMan!

  9. Prebiotics • Oligofructose • Short chain • Inulin • Long chain • Found naturally in chicory, artichokes, onions, leeks, garlic, etc. Glucose Fructose

  10. How do we study IBD? • Cell Culture • One type of cell • Animal Models • Genetically modified to get intestinal inflammation • People! • Try new treatments in IBD patients

  11. Okay, but do they Really Work? • YES!!! • Probiotics have been shown to work in: • Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease • Gastrointestinal infections / infectious diarrhea • Clostridium difficile (opportunistic pathogen) Healthy Untreated Prebiotic-treated I know… All I see is Purple Dots too!

  12. Alright, Smarty… How? • Probiotics and probiotic products (DNA, proteins, short-chain fatty acids) signal to the host and cause changes in the host’s cells • Prebiotics stimulate the growth of the good bacteria • My work is currently focusing on prebiotic actions with and without bacteria present

  13. Why do we do these studies? • IBD cannot be cured, only treated • Medications: side effects, expensive, many cannot be taken during pregnancy • Surgery: unpleasant, lost work time, expensive, not curative • The hope… • Some patients may get relief/enter remission • Isolates from probiotics may be turned into a “drug” • Prevention

  14. You’ve Convinced Me, I’m Hooked, Now How Do I Get ‘em? • Probiotics • Yogurt • Kefir(Milk is cultured, the lactose fermented. The result is a sour, carbonated, slightly alcoholic beverage) • VSL#3 (probiotic supplement) • Clinically proven • what we use in lab • www.vsl3.com • Prebiotics • Health food stores, online

  15. Websites to Check Out • www.vsl3.com (VSL#3) • www.ccfc.ca (Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of Canada) • http://users.chariot.net.au/~dna/kefirpage.html#what-is-kefir (Kefir info) • http://www.cmaj.ca/news/26_01_06.shtml (C. difficile outbreak news release)

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