Interactions Among Living Things

1. Interactions Among Living Things Chapter 3 of CPO Text Focus on Life Science

2. Introduction to the Lesson • http://www.brainpop.com/science/populationsandecosystems/ecosystems/

3. Types of Habitats • Land Habitat • Water Habitat

4. Ecosystems and Habitats Living Systems • made up of cells – tissues – organs- organ systems- organism • has structure (its parts) and function (what it does) Ecosystem • higher level of organization above organisms • Made up of group of living things and their surroundings. Ex. Biosphere or a drop of water Habitat • a place where a particular organism lives e.g. ocean is habitat of dolphin fishbowl is habitat of a pet goldfish

5. Physical Variables (Abiotic Factors) in Land Habitats (complete your organizer) • Temperature- most living things can survive in temperatures above freezing and below 70ºC • Precipitation-living things need water to survive; amount of precipitation determines the kinds of life that can survive in a land habitat • Sunlight-provides energy for living things to grow and survive; amount of sunlight determines the amount of energy available in an ecosystem

6. Physical Variables (Abiotic Factors) in Land Habitatscontinued • Type of Soil soil is a mixture of decayed plant and animal parts and very small rock particles; type of soil varies in different land habitats; soil is a habitat for some organisms • Oxygen- most organisms need oxygen to live; amount of oxygen in air varies depending on altitude

7. Physical Variables (Abiotic Factors)in Water Habitats(complete your graphic organizer)

8. Pollutants • A pollutant is a variable that causes harm to the organism • How harmful a pollutant is dependent on - ability to cause harm - concentration per unit of air, water, soil - how long it stays in air, water or soil • Sulfur dioxide is an example. In high concentrations can make breathing difficult. It can increase cases of asthma, bronchitis; can also react with air to cause acid rain • Sources of pollutants can be natural or man made. For example, sulfur dioxide can come from coal power plant human source) or volcanoes (natural) • Mercury is another example of a pollutant that can come from a natural source or from human activity

9. Levels of Organization • Individual organisms can be organized into populations e.g. antelopes on a plain • Populations are grouped into communities e.g. antelopes birds and other animals in the area • Different communities are grouped into ecosystems e.g. antelopes, other animals and the river trees, etc • Ecosystems grouped together form the biomes (areas of the world and the organisms in it • Biomes are present in areas of the earth . Collectively, biomes make up the biosphere

10. Types of Interactions(complete your graphic organizer) (note) 1. competition when organisms in a community vie for the same food supply , ex. green crabs compete against native species

11. Types of Interactions (note)2. predator – prey relationships • one eats the other • predators: organisms that hunt and feed on other organisms • prey: the organisms that are eaten Ex.

12. Types of Interactions (note) 3. symbiosis • an interaction where 2 species live together for a long time (note all 3 types of symbiosis) commensalism: one member benefits; other member unaffected mutualism: both members benefit parasitism: one member benefits; other member harmed

13. (note) Food Chains • A food chain is how each organism in a community gets its food • Some animals eat plants and some animals eat other animals • Plants and some protists are called producers because they store energy from the Sun. • Animals that eat plants are called herbivores • Animals that eat other animals are called carnivores • Organisms along a food chain pass on less energy than they get from the food that they eat.

14. (note) Food Pyramid(find your food web organizer to fill this out) • A food pyramid shows that a large number of living things at the base are needed to support a few at the top. A food pyramid shows onefood chain. For example

15. (note) Food Web • Most animals are part of more than one food chain. They eat more than one kind of food to get enough food and nutrients. You can connect many food chains to form a food web. (complete your graphic organizer) gull seal Striped Bass crab sardines zooplankton snail worm seaweed

16. Toxins in the Food Chain • Toxins are pollutants that can be created by human activities • High concentrations of toxins can impact populations • Can cause slowed growth, decreased reproduction, or death • Toxins like mercury dissolve in fat, not water. They are stored in the fat tissues of herbivores and are not passed out of their bodies. • Toxins can be passed to the offspring

17. Work on Pre-Assessment Questions • Answer the section review on the back of your packet • Do not leave any blanks • Make sure you ask questions if you have any to complete the task properly • Turn your work in for credit • Make sure your project on this topic (Biome Project) is labeled with your name, period and date.