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The Effectiveness of Community Policing in Reducing Urban Violence

The Effectiveness of Community Policing in Reducing Urban Violence. General Crime Picture. In recent years sharp declines in violent crime rates have been recorded across the country During this same time period American police have shifted to COP

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The Effectiveness of Community Policing in Reducing Urban Violence

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  1. The Effectiveness of Community Policing in Reducing Urban Violence

  2. General Crime Picture • In recent years sharp declines in violent crime rates have been recorded across the country • During this same time period American police have shifted to COP • Research indicates that COP had little effect on control or decline in violent crime

  3. Violent Crime Act • Implemented in 1994 • Increased COP at national level • Case studies demonstrate that police administrators realize limitations of traditional reactive policing • No nationally representative empirical research examining efficacy of COP on control of violent crime

  4. Police Strategies • Research suggests that police can have an effect on violent crime using specific tactics • Other studies show police have little effect on violent crime • Differing methods? • Variability in measurement of violent crime • Police strategies • Location of studies

  5. Police Strength • Police administrators and public generally believe more police = safer communities • Little support for this contention • Results between relationship between police strength and crime inconclusive • NYC experiences 40% decrease in crime but only increased hiring by 18%

  6. Aggressive Police Enforcement • Crime control achieved thru strict enforcement of laws – zero tolerance policies • Field interrogations most common aggressive tactic • Research supports its deterrent effects

  7. Research • Wilson & Boland 1978 • # of traffic citations issued per officer had a positive effect on probability of an arrest for robbery • Reductions in robbery rates resulted • Jacob & Rich 1980 • Found no evidence that aggressive traffic enforcement reduced robbery rates

  8. Zero Tolerance • Sampson & Cohen 1988 • Replicated Wilson & Boland’s work • Found that aggressive policing significantly reduced robbery rates • In general literature suggests that zero tolerance policies can result in reductions in violent crime

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