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A Brighter Tomorrow LED Streetlighting in Toronto

A Brighter Tomorrow LED Streetlighting in Toronto. Solid State Street Lighting March 19, 2013. ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00 Re-affirmed 2010. Recommended Practice for Roadway Lighting. Purpose of Standard. Recommended practice for designing new, continuous lighting systems

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A Brighter Tomorrow LED Streetlighting in Toronto

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  1. A Brighter TomorrowLED Streetlighting in Toronto Solid State Street Lighting March 19, 2013 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  2. ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00Re-affirmed 2010 Recommended Practice for Roadway Lighting William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  3. Purpose of Standard William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC Recommended practice for designing new, continuous lighting systems Roadways, adjacent bikeways, and pedestrian ways Basis for design of fixed lighting

  4. RP-8-? (Being voted on again by RLC & TRC) William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • ANSI/IES Document, if Approved will: • Use only Table 3 (Luminance) • Split into new Table 2 (Roadways) and Table 3 (Streets) • Illuminance may be moved to Annex • Not include Cut-off Classifications • Relate to TM-15 and Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance (MLO) BUG Ratings for Uplight control • Rely on Veiling Luminance Ratio calculations for Glare Control • Describe Limited Use of Mesopic Multipliers based on TM-12-12 • Hope to Publish in 2013.

  5. MLO IES Joint IDA-IESModel Outdoor Lighting Ordinance William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  6. Prescriptive Method  M L O William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • Lumen density limits to address over-lighting • 3 digit identification system for lighting products • “B rating”Backlight or “light trespass” • “U rating” Upward light or “sky glow” • “G rating”High angle zone or “glare” • Limits for each lighting zone are published • in TM-15-11(Luminaire Classification • System for Outdoor Luminaires)

  7. Street Lighting Ordinance (Optional) M L O William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC Light Shielding and Distribution Cobra Head Street lights shall have zero uplight Glare control shall meet requirements of ANSI/IES RP-8-00 Veiling Luminance Ratio (Lv) Exemption; Decorative or architectural streetlights designed for specific district shall meet uplight control requirements “U”

  8. Mesopic Vision The Blue Lumen Myth

  9. Roadway Lighting Committee (RLC) Research & Development • Presentation by Dr. Ron Gibbons, VTTI to sub-committee in LA Oct 1, 2010 • Mesopic Factor (S/P ratio) does not apply to foveal vision. • Can be applied to peripheral vision when adaptation level is in the mesopic range • Will be used only for areas primarily used by pedestrians when posted traffic speed is at or below 40 kph (25 mph) • Calculation process is iterative and is performed at each calculation point. Is not a multiplier that can applied to lamp lumens or illuminance levels • Use and calculation methods discussed at RLC meeting in Dallas last week • May be deleted from final edition William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  10. IES Lighting Handbook 2011 S/P Ratios & Mesopic Multipliers 0.3 cd/m² William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  11. What is Different about LED? William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • Performance Considerations • Standards and Testing Procedures • Designing with LED Luminaires William A. Smelser, BSc., IESNA, LC

  12. Performance Considerations William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC HID Light Sources Light produced by electric arc Intermittent (120 times per second) AC current Will extinguish if line voltage not maintained. One to 20 minute restrike No adjustment for operating temperature LED Light Sources Light produced by photon emission at diode junction Continuous light with DC current Instant on and restrike Life and efficacy affected by operating temperature

  13. Performance Testing IESNA Testing Procedures For LED Luminaires William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  14. Performance Testing William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC HID Luminaires Photometric testing to IES LM-31 Adjusted to published initial lamp lumens No adjustment for operating temperature No adjustment to lamp life LED Luminaires Photometric testing to IES LM-79 Absolute photometry Lamp life and efficacy are derived from data accumulated using IES LM-80 procedures based on LED junction temperatures in a luminaire and calculated using TM-21-11 procedures 14

  15. LED Measurement Procedures William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 15

  16. LM-79-08 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid State Lighting Products Absolute photometry Type C moving mirror goneophotometers normally used for measurement of luminous intensity distribution from which total luminous flux can be obtained Spectroradiometer or colorimiter may be used to measure chromaticity co-ordinates, CCT and CRI. Spectral Power Distribution may also be determined

  17. LM-79-08 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid State Lighting Products Tests are performed in a chamber with no external air flow at an ambient temperature controlled to 25˚C ± 1˚C Luminaire is placed in measuring instrument and energized for a period of time until thermal equilibrium is reached Measurements are recorded and published without any correction factors Other electrical data is recorded Electronic file is prepared using LM-63 format

  18. LM-80-08 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources LED Light Sources are tested at a minimum of three case temperatures (Ts); 55˚C and 85˚C plus one other. Test point is defined by the manufacturer so as to correlate to and be used to calculate Junction Temperature (Tj). Ambient temperature in test instrument to be maintained at 25˚C ± 1˚C Drive current is set and remains constant throughout the test cycle Both luminous flux and chromaticity are recorded initially and at every 1,000 hours for a minimum of 6,000 or a preferred 10,000 hours. 18

  19. LM-80-08 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 19 Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources Resulting reports provide Lamp Lumen Output at the three or more junction temperatures (Tj) used in the test.

  20. TM-21-11 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC Projecting Long Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources Approved by the IES Board in July 2011

  21. LM-80 & TM-21 TM-21(projection) Something useful + = LM-80 (testing) Courtesy; Mark McClear, Cree William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • TM-21 supplements IES LM-80 raw test data to provide LED lifetime projections that are consistent and understandable • Committee included U.S. Dept. Of Energy, NIST, PNNL, Cree, Philips Lumileds, Nichia and OSRAM • TM-21 provides two major functions: • Extrapolate a single LM-80 data set to estimate Lxx LED lifetime • Interpolate a matched LM-80 data set (same current, 3 different temperatures) for a specific temperature, and estimate Lxx LED lifetime

  22. TM-21 New Concepts Example: L70(12k) Courtesy; Mark McClear, Cree William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • Lxx(Yk) • xx = % lumen maintenance (e.g., L70, L88 , L50) • Y = duration of LM-80 test used for the projection • Calculated & Reported Lifetime • Calculated = what the extrapolation says • Reported = Calculated, limited by LM-80 test duration (6x LM-80 for sample size ≥ 20) • Lifetimes always rounded to 3 significant digits • 36,288  36,300 • 215,145  215,000

  23. TM-21-11 Tables Ambient Temperatures William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  24. TM-21-11 Tables Ambient Temperatures William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC 8 November, 2011 24

  25. TM-21-11 Curves 60 LED E70 Ambient °C William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  26. Levels of LED Standards Courtesy; Mark McClear, Cree William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  27. Junction Temperature Relationships William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • Relationship between Tj and Light Output or efficacy • Every photometric file tested to LM-79 will potentially have a different LLD curve • Relationship between Tj and expected useful life • The same luminaire with changes to LED quantity and/or drive current will have different projected life to Lxxor a different Lxx at projected useful life of system. • Lxx represents the appropriate Lamp Lumen Depreciation level • Optimum end of Life should be based on the expected life of the luminaire not just the LED array.

  28. William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC We can now design for the light level that is required at end of useful life rather than using estimated mean lumens.

  29. Designing with LEDLuminaires William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  30. Existing Street for conversion Street Parameters Number and width of driving lanes Width of any turn lanes Width and location of parking lanes and bicycle lanes Street usage classification and Pedestrian conflict Pole specifics Luminaire mounting height Pole setback from curb Bracket arm type and length Arrangement and spacing Proposed cleaning cycle Existing luminaires LED Street Lighting Design Parameters William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  31. Sample Application William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • Existing 200W HPS Flat Glass Cobra Head • 245W input CWA ballast • Collector Street with Medium Pedestrian Traffic • Four lanes (2 in each direction). 3.5m lane widths • Staggered Poles spacing 79m • 10.4m Mounting Height • 2.5m setback • 2.4m arms

  32. Sample Application William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • Retrofit from HPS to LED • No change in pole location or bracket arm • Expected useful life; 20 years (88,000 hours) • Cleaning every five years • Clean atmospheric conditions • Average night-time temperature 10°C • Require ≥ 50% energy reduction

  33. Luminaire Dirt Depreciation LDD = 0.89 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  34. LLF = LDD X LLD William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • LDD from IES RP-8-00; • 5-year cleaning, • Clean ambient • LDD = 0.89 • LLD from specific TM-21-11 table • Average night-time ambient; 10°C • Expected project life-time; 90,000 operating hours • LLD = ? • LLF = 0.89 x ? = ??????

  35. LLF = LDD X LLD .93 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • LDD from IES RP-8-05; • 5-year cleaning, • Clean ambient • LDD = 0.89 • LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E70) 700mA • Average night-time ambient; 10°C • 90,000 operating hours • LLD = • LLF = 0.89 x .93 = .83

  36. LLF = LDD X LLD .96 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC • LDD from IES RP-8-05; • 5-year cleaning, • Clean ambient • LDD = 0.89 • LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E53) 525mA • Average night-time ambient; 10°C • 90,000 operating hours • LLD = • LLF = 0.89 x .96 = .85

  37. Existing 200W Flat Glass Cobra Head IES RP-8-05 RECOMMENDATION Avg. Maintained; ≥ 0.6 cd/m² Max./Min; ≤ 6.0 Avg./Min.: ≤3.5 Lv Ratio; ≤0.4 245W input CWA ballast William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  38. LED Luminaire #1 (60 LED 700mA) IES RP-8-05 RECOMMENDATION Avg. Maintained; ≥ 0.6 cd/m² Max./Min; ≤ 6.0 Avg./Min.: ≤3.5 Lv Ratio; ≤0.4 144.5 W input Electronic Driver William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  39. LED Luminaire #1 (60 LED 525mA) IES RP-8-05 RECOMMENDATION Avg. Maintained; ≥ 0.6 cd/m² Max./Min; ≤ 6.0 Avg./Min.: ≤3.5 Lv Ratio; ≤0.4 105.7 W input Electronic Driver William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  40. All Electronic Devices Require Protection from Induced Voltage Surges Surge Protection William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  41. IEEE STD C62.41 C B A LEDgend Combats Surge – IEEE C62.41 2002 • Category A: Indoor: 6kV / 0.5kA • Category B: Indoor: 6kV / 3kA • Category C Low: Outdoor: 6kV / 3kA • Category C High: Outdoor : 10kV/10kA William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  42. Design Integrity – System Life - Surge Protection • Surge Protection Device designed to meet ANSI/IEEE C62.41 2002- Category C High • Specifically designed for Electronic control gear including LED Drivers • Designed to fail “off”. Disconnects driver from mains. • To continue to protect luminaire electronics until SPD is replaced. • Warns that SPD has failed and needs to be replaced William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  43. Basic LED Luminaire Specification • Colour Temperature • Supply Voltage • Photocontrol receptacle if required • Paint finish colour if required • Must be located on existing bracket arms and pole locations • Internal field level adjustment • Must meet RP-8 Table 3 lighting requirements for street classifications • LM-79 photometry from independent NVLAP approved lab • TM-21 LLD data • Vibration test data • Surge protection data • Warranty William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  44. Optional LED Luminaire Requirements • Dimming, Monitoring, Metering • Dimmable Driver • Part-Night Dimming • Constant Light Output Dimming • Wireless Monitoring • Optional Metering William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

  45. Discussion William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

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