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Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones

Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones. Aldehydes and Ketones. Aldehydes and Ketones. In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to a carbonyl group O carbonyl group  CH 3 - C- H In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to a carbonyl group O carbonyl group 

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Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones

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  1. Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones Aldehydes and Ketones LecturePLUS Timberlake

  2. Aldehydes and Ketones • In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to a carbonyl group O carbonyl group  CH3-C-H • In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to a carbonyl group O carbonyl group  CH3-C-CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

  3. Naming Aldehydes • IUPAC Replace the -e in the alkane name -al • Common name add aldehyde to the prefixes form (1C), acet (2C), propion(3), and butry(4C) OOO    H-C-H CH3-C-H CH3CH2C-H methanal ethanal propanal (formaldehyde) (acetaldehyde) (propionaldehyde) LecturePLUS Timberlake

  4. Aldehydes as Flavorings LecturePLUS Timberlake

  5. Glucose is an aldehyde LecturePLUS Timberlake

  6. Naming Ketones • In the IUPAC name, the -e in the alkane name is replaced with -one • In the common name, add the wordketone after naming the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group OO   CH3 -C-CH3 CH3-C-CH2-CH3 Propanone Butanone (Dimethyl ketone) (Ethyl methyl ketone) LecturePLUS Timberlake

  7. Ketones O O   Butter flavor CH3-C-C-CH3 2,3 -butanedione O  Clove flavor CH3-C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 2-heptanone LecturePLUS Timberlake

  8. Fructose is a Ketone LecturePLUS Timberlake

  9. Ketones as Hormones LecturePLUS Timberlake

  10. Learning Check AK 1 Classify each as an aldehyde (1), ketone (2) or neither(3). O  A. CH3CH2CCH3 B. CH3-O-CH3 CH3 O  C. CH3-C-CH2CH D. CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

  11. Solution AK 1 Classify each as an aldehyde (1), ketone (2) or neither(3). O  A. CH3CH2CCH3 2B. CH3-O-CH3 3 CH3 O  C. CH3-C-CH2CH 1 D. 2 CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

  12. Learning Check AK 2 Name the following O  A. CH3CH2CCH3 B. CH3 O  C. CH3-C-CH2CH CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

  13. Solution AK 2 O  A. CH3CH2CCH3 B. 2-butanone (ethyl methyl ketone) CH3 O  C. CH3-C-CH2CH cyclohexanone CH3 2,2-dimethylbutanal LecturePLUS Timberlake

  14. Learning Check AK 3 Draw the structural formulas for each: A. 3-Methylpentanal B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone LecturePLUS Timberlake

  15. Solution AK 3 Draw the structural formulas for each: CH3 O  A. 3-Methylpentanal CH3CHCHCH2CH Br O  B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal Br-CH2CHCH O  C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone CH3CHCCH3 CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

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