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Electro-Optical Systems

Electro-Optical Systems. The almost last lecture of Weapons Class. What are we talking about?. Optically guided weapons Night vision goggles Thermal Imaging Laser Guided Munitions. Learning Objectives. The student will understand the properties of Infrared radiation.

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Electro-Optical Systems

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  1. Electro-Optical Systems The almost last lecture of Weapons Class

  2. What are we talking about? • Optically guided weapons • Night vision goggles • Thermal Imaging • Laser Guided Munitions

  3. Learning Objectives • The student will understand the properties of Infrared radiation. • The student will understand detector features and their effect on performance.

  4. Electro-Optical Spectrum • Electro-Optical Band 1011-1016 Hz • Visible ~1015 Hz • Infrared ~1011-1014 Hz • Portion of the EM spectrum that lies between X-rays and microwaves

  5. Sources of EO Radiation • Turbojet exhaust, a tank engine, or a person • Lasers may serve as illuminator for an IR weapon’s guidance • Man-made artificial illumination (lights, flares, etc) • Natural sources

  6. Sources (Radiators) • Selective Emitters • Narrow wavelength band – line spectra • Excitation of individual atoms or molecules • Thermal • Continuous spectrum of wavelengths with some max radiated energy at some particular λ • Radiates in proportion to the absolute temperature (Kelvin).

  7. Lasers • Laser is light – a form of EM radiation • Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation • Can emit in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum

  8. Lasers – Military Applications • Targeting tool • Absorbed by target – thermal radiator • Reflected by target – selective radiator • Modulated • Different lasers of the same frequency to be deconflicted and limits enemy interference • Weapon Systems: Hellfire, Maverick, Rockeye • Stand alone: Laser Range finders, Beam riders, and laser target designators (LTD)

  9. Infrared • Can not be detected with the human eye • Passive system that collects thermal radiation emitted from the target. • Used in military and law enforcement applications.

  10. IR image of a snake eating a mouse

  11. Characteristics of Thermal Energy • Attenuation – propagation losses primarily through: • Uneven spreading • Absorption • Scattering • Turbulence • Refractive index fluctuations (Temp, pressure, density)

  12. Detectors • Photon • Convert absorbed photon energy into released electrons • Themal • Absorb energy over a broad band of wavelengths • Causes tempurature of material to increase • At least one inherent electrical property that changes with temperature

  13. Military Uses • Laser guided munitions • Designated from air or ground • Thermal homing missiles • Optical Guidance • Night Vision

  14. Night Vision Devices (NVD) • Low light level image intensifiers • Improve night vision • Increase amount of light reaching the eye • Light amplification • NVIS • FLIR

  15. Night Vision Scopes • “Amplify” existing light • Available light (photons) is collected and focused on the image intensifier • Conversion of photon to electron • CAN NOT see in complete dark • IR illuminator

  16. Image intensifier tube Converts photons to electrons and back again

  17. Thermal Imaging

  18. LGB

  19. TOW

  20. TOW

  21. Questions?

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