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Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. Chapter 10.1. Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia = “between the rivers” Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers Est. roughly around 4500 B.C. City States. Each city was considered to be an independent country or nation
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Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt Chapter 10.1
Mesopotamia • Mesopotamia = “between the rivers” • Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers • Est. roughly around 4500 B.C.
City States • Each city was considered to be an independent country or nation • Earliest city-states arose in an area called Sumer (est. 4000 B.C.) Trivia question: What person from the Bible was from the city of UR?
Religion and Government • At the center of each city was a ziggurat • Their religion was based on Polytheism • Religious leaders were in charge of the government (Theocracy)
Sumerians • Invented the wheel and sailboat • First people to keep records and write down laws • Writing system was called Cuneiform (3500B.C) • Believed to have written the first story, Epic of Gilgamesh (2000 B.C.)
Akkad and Babylon • Sumer was taken over around 2300 by the Akkad kingdom led by King Sargon • Sargon was the first to create an empire • Akkadian empire was then taken over by Babylon around 1800BC
Akkad and Babylon • One of Babylon’s greatest kings was Hammurabi • Hammurabi put together one set of laws for the entire empire called Hammurabi’s Code
Phoenicians • Lived in current day Lebanon (1200B.C.) • Most important traders of their day • Helped to spread ideas and cultures around the known world They are known for their alphabet which led to the Greek, Hebrew, and Latin alphabet
Ancient Egypt Chapter 10.1
Egypt • Egyptian Civilization developed along the Nile River • Originally was split up into 2 kingdoms (Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt) Narmer, King of Upper Egypt, Conquered Lower Egypt and united the 2 Kingdoms
Government • Egypt’s government was a theocracy, with the Pharaoh being the leader • Pharaoh was considered a godand was the center of Egyptian Life
Religion • Egyptians believed in many gods • Re= god of the sun • Hapi= god of the Nile • Osiris= god of the harvest
Religion • Egyptians believed in the afterlife, and that the soul could not live without the body • Egyptians embalmed and mummified those who could afford it
Religion • The poor were buried in caves or in the sand • The largest tombs belonged to Pharaoh Great Pyramid of Khufu
Egyptians • Form of writing = hieroglyphics • Developed math based system on the #10 • Developed geometry • First to use splints and bandages for wounds • Created clocks