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Heliocentrism

Karen Zhao, Nick Chung, Brian Hwang. Heliocentrism. What is Heliocentrism. The astronomical model stating that the sun is stationary at the center of the universe, and the Earth and planets revolve around the sun. Opposition to Heliocentrism.

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Heliocentrism

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  1. Karen Zhao, Nick Chung, Brian Hwang Heliocentrism

  2. What is Heliocentrism • The astronomical model stating that the sun is stationary at the center of the universe, and the Earth and planets revolve around the sun.

  3. Opposition to Heliocentrism • In the past, it was opposed to geocentric theory, which now is just a theory in which the Earth is at the center of the universe and other objects orbit around the Earth.

  4. History of Heliocentrism • Aristarchus had devloped the heliocentric theory in 270 B.C..

  5. History of Heliocentrism • However, geocentric theory was preferred since people had doubtful questions about the heliocentric theory: People couldn’t feel the Earth rotating, and People had thought that the Earth, the planet we live on, being the center of universe (geocentric theory) is more natural---ego-centric thinking.

  6. History of Heliocentrism • Corpernicus reinvented the heliocentric theory in the 1500’s. • The heliocentric model was much more logical in solving retrograde motion than geocentric model. However, it had social and political consequences since the church and the bible supported the Geocentric model.

  7. History of Heliocentrism • Johannes Kepler corrected the problems of problems of epicycles in the heliocentric thoery by using ellipses instead of circles for orbits of the planet. He elaborated and expanded the modelin the 1600's.

  8. History of Heliocentrism • In the 1620's, Galileo Galileouses a small refracting telescope to discover 5 observations that destroyed the idea of the geocentric Universe. • The 5 discoveries were: • spots on the Sun • Mountains and seas on the moon • Milky way being made of lots of stars • Venus having phases • Jupiter having moons: Io, Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede.

  9. Prevailing view • The predominant thinking before Heliocentrism was Geocentrism, which was discussed briefly in the slides before. • This theory places the Earth at the center of the universe and has every other planet orbit around it.

  10. Geocentric Theory • Geocentric Theory was first developed by Ancient Greek philosophers from simple observations that the stars appear to rise and fall across the sky and the Earth appears to be at rest.

  11. Geocentric Theory • Geocentric Theorywas then recognized by Aristotle. Along with his other theories, Geocentric Theorywasadopted by authorities as the metaphysics Bible and ruled Europe for almost two thousand years, unchallenged.

  12. Geocentric Theory • Catholic Church authorities claimed Geocentric Thoeryto be the truth to reaffirm the belief that God created the world. The fact that the Earth cannot be moved and is put at the center of the universe was seen as evidence for Creation. For example, the Bible states "Thous hast fixed the eart immovable and frim" (Psalm 93), which is implying a geocentric model.

  13. Impact of Heliocentrism • Any idea that challenges popular belief results in negative side effects. The heliocentric model was discovered during a time when Christianity was very unaccepting of any beliefs other than Christianity, and at that time, religion had a very firm rooting in society.

  14. Impact of Heliocentrism • When Nicolas Copernicus first presented the heliocentric model in the 16th century, he did so through a book called Revolutions of the Heavily Bodies. • However, the biggest problem Copernicus faced was actually publishing his book and idea to the public. He had published the book in a manner which made it seem like everything he had discovered was merely a hypothesis rather than a truth.

  15. Impact of Heliocentrism • It was not until 100 years after his death that Galileo, Kepler, and Newton built on, and proved Copernicus’s theory right. The church believed that in proving that the sun was the center of the galaxy, these men were committing blasphemy against the ideals of the church, such as how humans were the center of the universe.

  16. Impact of Heliocentrism • The discovery of the Heliocentricity paved way for many discoveries linked with planetary motion, as well as a broader understanding of the universe.

  17. Citation • http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec02.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_model • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei#Controversy_over_heliocentris • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelian_physics • http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/copernican.html • http://cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/White/astronomy/heliocentric-theory.html

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